Mask Protection Against Lead Exposure and Its Correlation with Erythropoiesis in Automotive Body Painters at Ligu District, Semarang, Indonesia

Overview

Journal J Blood Med

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Specialty Hematology

Date 2022 Mar 10

PMID 35264893

Authors

Budi Santosa

Ali Rosidi

Herlisa Anggraini

Zahra Maharani Latrobdiba

Fitriani Nur Damayanti

Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Automotive body painters are at risk of excessive lead exposure that may compromise their health. This study examined the protective effects of masks against lead exposure and its correlation with blood profile of automotive body painters at Ligu district, Semarang, Indonesia.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 61 painters at Ligu district, Semarang, Indonesia (mean age 45 years, 100% male). Mask use was categorized into "frequent" and "infrequent". Blood samples were taken to measure lead exposure and haematological parameters (haemoglobin/HGB, erythrocytes/RBC, haematocrit/HCT, mean corpuscular haemoglobin/MCH, mean corpuscular volume/MCV, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration/MCHC). Effectivity of mask use against lead exposure was analysed with Fisher's exact test, while lead exposure and haematopoietic parameters were evaluated with Pearson's correlation tests.

Results: There were 26 automotive painters (42.6%) classified as unfrequent mask users, and all of them had high blood lead levels. Most haematopoiesis parameters were in normal range. Workers with infrequent mask use were 1.269 more likely to be exposed to lead compared to those with frequent mask use (CI 95%, 1.082-1.552). Significant associations were found between lead exposure and RBC (p=0.0, r=-0.53), HGB (p=0, r=-0.61), and HCT (p=0.00, r=-0.61). No significant correlations were observed between lead exposure and MCV, MCH, MCHC.

Conclusion: Lead exposure was significantly associated with haematological parameters RBC, HGB, and HCT, confirming the effects of prolonged exposure on blood profile. However, mask use provided significant protection against lead exposure in automotive body painters and should be an obligatory gear for workers.

Citing Articles

Blood Lead Exposure and Association With Hepatitis B Core Antibody in the United States: NHANES 2011-2018.

Han K, He T, Huang S, Sun W, Gao Y Front Public Health. 2022; 10:873741.

PMID: 35774563 PMC: 9239404. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.873741.

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