Integrated Near-infrared QEPAS Sensor Based on a 28 kHz Quartz Tuning Fork for Online Monitoring of CO in the Greenhouse

Overview

Journal Photoacoustics

Date 2022 Mar 4

PMID 35242537

Authors

Yihua Liu

Haoyang Lin

Baiyang Antonio Zhou Montano

Wenguo Zhu

Yongchun Zhong

Ruifeng Kan

Bin Yuan

Jianhui Yu

Min Shao

Huadan Zheng

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In this paper, a highly sensitive and integrated near-infrared CO sensor was developed based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS). Unlike traditional QEPAS, a novel pilot line manufactured quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a resonance frequency of 28 kHz was employed as an acoustic wave transducer. A near-infrared DFB laser diode emitting at 2004 nm was employed as the excitation light source for CO detection. An integrated near-infrared QEPAS module was designed and manufactured. The QTF, acoustic micro resonator (AmR), gas cell, and laser fiber are integrated, resulting in a super compact acoustic detection module (ADM). Compared to a traditional 32 kHz QTF, the QEPAS signal amplitude increased by > 2 times by the integrated QEPAS module based on a 28 kHz QTF. At atmospheric pressure, a 5.4 ppm detection limit at a CO absorption line of 4991.25 cm was achieved with an integration time of 1 s. The long-term performance and stability of the CO sensor system were investigated using Allan variance analysis. Finally, the minimum detection limit (MDL) was improved to 0.7 ppm when the integration time was 125 s. A portable CO sensor system based on QEPAS was developed for 24 h continuous monitoring of CO in the greenhouse located in Guangzhou city. The CO concentration variations were clearly observed during day and night. Photosynthesis and respiration plants can be further researched by the portable CO sensor system.

Citing Articles

Multi-gas photoacoustic sensor using multi-mode demodulation.

Liang M, Jiao M, Feng M, Chen P, Gao Y, Qiao Y Photoacoustics. 2025; 42:100688.

PMID: 39896069 PMC: 11787612. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2025.100688.

Sub-ppb level HCN photoacoustic sensor employing dual-tube resonator enhanced clamp-type tuning fork and U-net neural network noise filter.

Wang L, Lv H, Zhao Y, Wang C, Luo H, Lin H Photoacoustics. 2024; 38:100629.

PMID: 39100196 PMC: 11296067. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100629.

Ultra-highly sensitive dual gases detection based on photoacoustic spectroscopy by exploiting a long-wave, high-power, wide-tunable, single-longitudinal-mode solid-state laser.

Qiao S, He Y, Sun H, Patimisco P, Sampaolo A, Spagnolo V Light Sci Appl. 2024; 13(1):100.

PMID: 38693126 PMC: 11063167. DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01459-5.

Ppbv-level mid-infrared photoacoustic sensor for mouth alcohol test after consuming lychee fruits.

Luo H, Yang Z, Zhuang R, Lv H, Wang C, Lin H Photoacoustics. 2023; 33:100559.

PMID: 38021287 PMC: 10658599. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100559.

Multivariate analysis and digital twin modelling: Alternative approaches to evaluate molecular relaxation in photoacoustic spectroscopy.

Zifarelli A, Cantatore A, Sampaolo A, Mueller M, Rueck T, Hoelzl C Photoacoustics. 2023; 33:100564.

PMID: 38021285 PMC: 10658604. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100564.

References

Struzik M, Garbayo I, Pfenninger R, Rupp J . A Simple and Fast Electrochemical CO Sensor Based on Li La Zr O for Environmental Monitoring. Adv Mater. 2018; 30(44):e1804098. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804098. View

Hu J, Zhong C, Ding C, Chi Q, Walz A, Mombaerts P . Detection of near-atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by an olfactory subsystem in the mouse. Science. 2007; 317(5840):953-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.1144233. View

Liu K, Guo X, Yi H, Chen W, Zhang W, Gao X . Off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. Opt Lett. 2009; 34(10):1594-6. DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.001594. View

Hansen J, Johnson D, Lacis A, Lebedeff S, Lee P, Rind D . Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science. 1981; 213(4511):957-66. DOI: 10.1126/science.213.4511.957. View

Kosterev A, Bakhirkin Y, Curl R, Tittel F . Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. Opt Lett. 2007; 27(21):1902-4. DOI: 10.1364/ol.27.001902. View

Breitegger P, Schweighofer B, Wegleiter H, Knoll M, Lang B, Bergmann A . Towards low-cost QEPAS sensors for nitrogen dioxide detection. Photoacoustics. 2020; 18:100169. PMC: 7155225. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100169. View

Ma N, Ide S, Suematsu K, Watanabe K, Shimanoe K . Novel Solid Electrolyte CO Gas Sensors Based on -Axis-Oriented Y-Doped LaSiBO. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020; 12(19):21515-21520. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00454. View

Liu L, Huan H, Li W, Mandelis A, Wang Y, Zhang L . Highly sensitive broadband differential infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy with wavelet denoising algorithm for trace gas detection. Photoacoustics. 2020; 21:100228. PMC: 7749430. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100228. View

Lv H, Zheng H, Liu Y, Yang Z, Wu Q, Lin H . Radial-cavity quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. Opt Lett. 2021; 46(16):3917-3920. DOI: 10.1364/OL.432308. View

10.

Duquesnoy M, Aoust G, Melkonian J, Levy R, Raybaut M, Godard A . Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Based on a Custom Quartz Tuning Fork. Sensors (Basel). 2019; 19(6). PMC: 6471020. DOI: 10.3390/s19061362. View

11.

Sampaolo A, Yu C, Wei T, Zifarelli A, Giglio M, Patimisco P . HS quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor employing a liquid-nitrogen-cooled THz quantum cascade laser operating in pulsed mode. Photoacoustics. 2021; 21:100219. PMC: 7786112. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100219. View

12.

Ma Y, Lewicki R, Razeghi M, Tittel F . QEPAS based ppb-level detection of CO and N2O using a high power CW DFB-QCL. Opt Express. 2013; 21(1):1008-19. DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.001008. View

13.

Cui R, Dong L, Wu H, Ma W, Xiao L, Jia S . Three-Dimensional Printed Miniature Fiber-Coupled Multipass Cells with Dense Spot Patterns for ppb-Level Methane Detection Using a Near-IR Diode Laser. Anal Chem. 2020; 92(19):13034-13041. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01931. View

14.

Xin F, Li J, Guo J, Yang D, Wang Y, Tang Q . Measurement of Atmospheric CO Column Concentrations Based on Open-Path TDLAS. Sensors (Basel). 2021; 21(5). PMC: 7958612. DOI: 10.3390/s21051722. View

15.

Patimisco P, Borri S, Galli I, Mazzotti D, Giusfredi G, Akikusa N . High finesse optical cavity coupled with a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopic sensor. Analyst. 2014; 140(3):736-43. DOI: 10.1039/c4an01158a. View

16.

Wu H, Dong L, Zheng H, Yu Y, Ma W, Zhang L . Beat frequency quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for fast and calibration-free continuous trace-gas monitoring. Nat Commun. 2017; 8:15331. PMC: 5460019. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15331. View

17.

Sampaolo A, Patimisco P, Giglio M, Zifarelli A, Wu H, Dong L . Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for multi-gas detection: A review. Anal Chim Acta. 2022; 1202:338894. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338894. View

18.

Zheng H, Dong L, Sampaolo A, Wu H, Patimisco P, Yin X . Single-tube on-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. Opt Lett. 2016; 41(5):978-81. DOI: 10.1364/OL.41.000978. View

19.

Dello Russo S, Sampaolo A, Patimisco P, Menduni G, Giglio M, Hoelzl C . Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy exploiting low-frequency tuning forks as a tool to measure the vibrational relaxation rate in gas species. Photoacoustics. 2020; 21:100227. PMC: 7750171. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100227. View

20.

Lin H, Zheng H, Montano B, Wu H, Giglio M, Sampaolo A . Ppb-level gas detection using on-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy based on a 28 kHz tuning fork. Photoacoustics. 2022; 25:100321. PMC: 8683655. DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100321. View

Integrated Near-infrared QEPAS Sensor Based on a 28 kHz Quartz Tuning Fork for Online Monitoring of CO in the Greenhouse

Integrated Near-infrared QEPAS Sensor Based on a 28 kHz Quartz Tuning Fork for Online Monitoring of CO in the Greenhouse