» Articles » PMID: 35222443

The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Overview
Journal Front Immunol
Date 2022 Feb 28
PMID 35222443
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

Tumorigenesis is a complicated process caused by successive genetic and epigenetic alterations. The past decades demonstrated that the immune system affects tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Although increasing immunotherapies are revealed, only a tiny proportion of them are effective. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNA molecules larger than 200 nucleotides and are essential in the molecular network of oncology and immunology. Increasing researches have focused on the connection between lncRNAs and cancer immunotherapy. However, the in-depth mechanisms are still elusive. In this review, we outline the latest studies on the functions of lncRNAs in the tumor immune microenvironment. participating in various biological processes such as neutrophil recruitment, macrophage polarization, NK cells cytotoxicity, and T cells functions, lncRNAs regulate tumorigenesis, tumor invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. In addition, we reviewed the current understanding of the relevant strategies for targeting lncRNAs. LncRNAs-based therapeutics may represent promising approaches in serving as prognostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets in cancer, providing ideas for future research and clinical application on cancer diagnosis and therapies.

Citing Articles

Development of a Novel Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma Utilizing Pyroptosis-Associated LncRNAs.

Bai H, Li T, Sun L, Zhang J, Kang X, Qu Y Anal Cell Pathol (Amst). 2025; 2025():4488139.

PMID: 39834603 PMC: 11745560. DOI: 10.1155/ancp/4488139.


Emerging roles of long non-coding RNA FOXP4-AS1 in human cancers: From molecular biology to clinical application.

Yang J Heliyon. 2024; 10(21):e39857.

PMID: 39539976 PMC: 11558633. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39857.


LncRNAs in tumor metabolic reprogramming and tumor microenvironment remodeling.

Jiao J, Zhao Y, Li Q, Jin S, Liu Z Front Immunol. 2024; 15:1467151.

PMID: 39539540 PMC: 11557318. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1467151.


LncRNA is correlated with prognosis and immune infiltration and facilitates tumor progression by targeting in colorectal cancer.

Chen T, Jiang Q, Wang Z, Wang F, Fu Z Transl Cancer Res. 2024; 13(10):5347-5364.

PMID: 39525019 PMC: 11543043. DOI: 10.21037/tcr-24-378.


Exploring potential roles of long non-coding RNAs in cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review.

Arshi A, Mahmoudi E, Raeisi F, Dehghan Tezerjani M, Bahramian E, Ahmed Y Front Immunol. 2024; 15:1446937.

PMID: 39257589 PMC: 11384988. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1446937.


References
1.
Ginhoux F, Guilliams M . Tissue-Resident Macrophage Ontogeny and Homeostasis. Immunity. 2016; 44(3):439-449. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.024. View

2.
Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Qi Q . LncRNA SNHG14/miR-5590-3p/ZEB1 positive feedback loop promoted diffuse large B cell lymphoma progression and immune evasion through regulating PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint. Cell Death Dis. 2019; 10(10):731. PMC: 6769008. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1886-5. View

3.
Zeng X, Xie H, Yuan J, Jiang X, Yong J, Zeng D . M2-like tumor-associated macrophages-secreted EGF promotes epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis via activating EGFR-ERK signaling and suppressing lncRNA LIMT expression. Cancer Biol Ther. 2019; 20(7):956-966. PMC: 6606001. DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1564567. View

4.
Gardner A, Ruffell B . Dendritic Cells and Cancer Immunity. Trends Immunol. 2016; 37(12):855-865. PMC: 5135568. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.09.006. View

5.
Kumar A, Deep G . Hypoxia in tumor microenvironment regulates exosome biogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and translational opportunities. Cancer Lett. 2020; 479:23-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.017. View