Overview of the Role of Pharmacological Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains a prominent disease state characterized by the recurrent collapse of the upper airway while sleeping. To date, current treatment may include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), lifestyle changes, behavioral modification, mandibular advancement devices, and surgical treatment. However, due to the desire for a more convenient mode of management, pharmacological treatment has been thoroughly investigated as a means for a potential alternative in OSA treatment. OSA can be distinguished into various endotypic or phenotypic classes, allowing pharmacological treatment to better target the root cause or symptoms of OSA. Some medications available for use include antidepressants, CNS stimulants, nasal decongestants, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and potassium channel blockers. This review will cover the findings of currently available and future study medications that could potentially play a role in OSA therapy.