Population Genomics of Provides Insights into Evolutionary History and Dietary Adaptation

, a genus of cyprinid fish, is an economically important freshwater fish widely distributed in major waters of China. Here, we report the genome resequencing of 180 fish including  , , , and . Population structure indicated that geographically divergent populations were separated into six subgroups. A phylogenetic tree showed that was more closely related to than other species and was clustered apart from other species, showing a high nucleotide diversity in geographic groups. Treemix validated gene flow from to , suggesting that introgression may provide an important source of genetic variation in the populations. According to the demographic history analysis, it is speculated that might have been originally distributed in the Pearl River with some spread to Hainan Island and northern China due to lower sea levels during the glacial period. Whole-genome selective sweeps analysis demonstrated that likely developed an enhanced energy metabolism mostly through fatty acid degradation pathways whereas possibly regulate lipid absorption via the cholesterol metabolism pathway. Taken together, this study provides a valuable genomic resource for future genetic investigations aiming to improve genome-assisted breeding of species.