How Cells Deal with the Fluctuating Environment: Autophagy Regulation Under Stress in Yeast and Mammalian Systems

Overview

Journal Antioxidants (Basel)

Date 2022 Feb 25

PMID 35204187

Authors

Yuchen Lei

Yuxiang Huang

Xin Wen

Zhangyuan Yin

Zhihai Zhang

Daniel J Klionsky

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Eukaryotic cells frequently experience fluctuations of the external and internal environments, such as changes in nutrient, energy and oxygen sources, and protein folding status, which, after reaching a particular threshold, become a type of stress. Cells develop several ways to deal with these various types of stress to maintain homeostasis and survival. Among the cellular survival mechanisms, autophagy is one of the most critical ways to mediate metabolic adaptation and clearance of damaged organelles. Autophagy is maintained at a basal level under normal growing conditions and gets stimulated by stress through different but connected mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the autophagy regulation mechanisms under multiple types of stress including nutrient, energy, oxidative, and ER stress in both yeast and mammalian systems.

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