Glutathione Production by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: Current State and Perspectives

Overview

Journal Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

Specialties Biomedical Engineering
Biotechnology
Microbiology

Date 2022 Feb 19

PMID 35182192

Authors

Lucielen Oliveira Santos

Pedro Garcia Pereira Silva

Wilson Jose Fernandes Lemos Junior

Vanessa Sales de Oliveira

Andreia Anschau

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is a tripeptide synthesized through consecutive enzymatic reactions. Among its several metabolic functions in cells, the main one is the potential to act as an endogenous antioxidant agent. GSH has been the focus of numerous studies not only due to its role in the redox status of biological systems but also due to its biotechnological characteristics. GSH is usually obtained by fermentation and shows a variety of applications by the pharmaceutical and food industry. Therefore, the search for new strategies to improve the production of GSH during fermentation is crucial. This mini review brings together recent papers regarding the principal parameters of the biotechnological production of GSH by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this context, aspects, such as the medium composition (amino acids, alternative raw materials) and the use of technological approaches (control of osmotic and pressure conditions, magnetic field (MF) application, fed-batch process) were considered, along with genetic engineering knowledge, trends, and challenges in viable GSH production. KEY POINTS: • Saccharomyces cerevisiae has shown potential for glutathione production. • Improved technological approaches increases glutathione production. • Genetic engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves glutathione production.

Citing Articles

Exploiting phenotypic heterogeneity to improve production of glutathione by yeast.

Xu M, Vallieres C, Finnis C, Winzer K, Avery S Microb Cell Fact. 2024; 23(1):267.

PMID: 39375675 PMC: 11457410. DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02536-5.

Strategies to Maintain Redox Homeostasis in Yeast Cells with Impaired Fermentation-Dependent NADPH Generation.

Kwolek-Mirek M, Maslanka R, Bednarska S, Przywara M, Kwolek K, Zadrag-Tecza R Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(17).

PMID: 39273244 PMC: 11395483. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179296.

Pulsed Electric Field Technology for the Extraction of Glutathione from .

Berzosa A, Marin-Sanchez J, Alvarez I, Sanchez-Gimeno C, Raso J Foods. 2024; 13(12).

PMID: 38928855 PMC: 11203235. DOI: 10.3390/foods13121916.

The Reaction of the Yeast to Contamination of the Medium with Aflatoxins B and G, Ochratoxin A and Zearalenone in Aerobic Cultures.

Klosowski G, Koim-Puchowska B, Drozdz-Afelt J, Mikulski D Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(22).

PMID: 38003590 PMC: 10671187. DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216401.

The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes.

Cassier-Chauvat C, Marceau F, Farci S, Ouchane S, Chauvat F Antioxidants (Basel). 2023; 12(6).

PMID: 37371929 PMC: 10295655. DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061199.

References

Adamis P, Panek A, Eleutherio E . Vacuolar compartmentation of the cadmium-glutathione complex protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae from mutagenesis. Toxicol Lett. 2007; 173(1):1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.06.002. View

Adeoye O, Olawumi J, Opeyemi A, Christiania O . Review on the role of glutathione on oxidative stress and infertility. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2017; 22(1):61-66. PMC: 5844662. DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180003. View

Adriani P, de Paiva F, de Oliveira G, Leite A, Sanches A, Lopes A . Structural and functional characterization of the glutathione peroxidase-like thioredoxin peroxidase from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020; 167:93-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.179. View

Aertsen A, Meersman F, Hendrickx M, Vogel R, Michiels C . Biotechnology under high pressure: applications and implications. Trends Biotechnol. 2009; 27(7):434-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.04.001. View

de Alteriis E, Carteni F, Parascandola P, Serpa J, Mazzoleni S . Revisiting the Crabtree/Warburg effect in a dynamic perspective: a fitness advantage against sugar-induced cell death. Cell Cycle. 2018; 17(6):688-701. PMC: 5969562. DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1442622. View

Asmundson G, Paluszek M, Landry C, Rachor G, McKay D, Taylor S . Do pre-existing anxiety-related and mood disorders differentially impact COVID-19 stress responses and coping?. J Anxiety Disord. 2020; 74:102271. PMC: 7342169. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102271. View

Bahut F, Romanet R, Sieczkowski N, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Nikolantonaki M, Gougeon R . Antioxidant activity from inactivated yeast: Expanding knowledge beyond the glutathione-related oxidative stability of wine. Food Chem. 2020; 325:126941. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126941. View

Binati R, Lemos Junior W, Luzzini G, Slaghenaufi D, Ugliano M, Torriani S . Contribution of non-Saccharomyces yeasts to wine volatile and sensory diversity: A study on Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia spp. and Starmerella bacillaris strains isolated in Italy. Int J Food Microbiol. 2019; 318:108470. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108470. View

Blahova L, Kohoutek J, Lebedova J, Blaha L, Vecera Z, Buchtova M . Simultaneous determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione in tissues by a novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method: application in an inhalation study of Cd nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014; 406(24):5867-76. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8033-z. View

10.

Bravo-Veyrat S, Hopfgartner G . High-throughput liquid chromatography differential mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry for bioanalysis: determination of reduced and oxidized form of glutathione in human blood. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018; 410(27):7153-7161. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1318-x. View

11.

Cha J, Park J, Jeon B, Lee Y, Cho Y . Optimal fermentation conditions for enhanced glutathione production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8. J Microbiol. 2004; 42(1):51-5. View

12.

Chen W, Huang F, Cheng S, Tsai F, Lin C . Co-production of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glutathione by mutant strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae FC-3 and its kinetic analysis. J Basic Microbiol. 2009; 49(6):513-20. DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200800393. View

13.

Collinson L, Dawes I . Isolation, characterization and overexpression of the yeast gene, GLR1, encoding glutathione reductase. Gene. 1995; 156(1):123-7. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00026-3. View

14.

Couto N, Wood J, Barber J . The role of glutathione reductase and related enzymes on cellular redox homoeostasis network. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016; 95:27-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.028. View

15.

Do D, Fickers P, Ben Tahar I . Improvement of glutathione production by a metabolically engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain using a small-scale optimization approach. Biotechnol Lett. 2020; 43(2):407-414. DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03039-0. View

16.

Ellman G . Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959; 82(1):70-7. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(59)90090-6. View

17.

Fahrenholz T, Wolle M, Kingston H, Faber S, Kern 2nd J, Pamuku M . Molecular speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometric methods for accurate, reproducible and direct quantification of reduced, oxidized and total glutathione in biological samples. Anal Chem. 2014; 87(2):1232-40. DOI: 10.1021/ac503933t. View

18.

Fan X, He X, Guo X, Qu N, Wang C, Zhang B . Increasing glutathione formation by functional expression of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett. 2004; 26(5):415-7. DOI: 10.1023/b:bile.0000018261.14427.e8. View

19.

Farhat Z, Browne R, Bonner M, Tian L, Deng F, Swanson M . How do glutathione antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant status respond to air pollution exposure?. Environ Int. 2018; 112:287-293. PMC: 5899033. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.033. View

20.

Filipic J, Kraigher B, Tepus B, Kokol V, Mandic-Mulec I . Effects of low-density static magnetic fields on the growth and activities of wastewater bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida. Bioresour Technol. 2012; 120:225-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.023. View