Pseudotyped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Spike for the Study of Variants, Vaccines, and Therapeutics Against Coronavirus Disease 2019

Overview

Journal Front Microbiol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2022 Jan 31

PMID 35095820

Authors

Marcela Salazar-Garcia

Samyr Acosta-Contreras

Griselda Rodriguez-Martinez

Armando Cruz-Rangel

Alejandro Flores-Alanis

Genaro Patino-Lopez

Victor M Luna-Pineda

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized the infectious emerging diseases such as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in terms of research and development of effective tests, vaccines, antivirals, and other treatments. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological causative agent of COVID-19, is a virus belonging to risk group 3 that requires Biosafety Level (BSL)-3 laboratories and the corresponding facilities for handling. An alternative to these BSL-3/-4 laboratories is to use a pseudotyped virus that can be handled in a BSL-2 laboratory for study purposes. Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) can be generated with complementary DNA from complete negative-stranded genomic RNA, with deleted G glycoprotein and, instead, incorporation of other fusion protein, like SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S protein). Accordingly, it is called pseudotyped VSV-SARS-CoV-2 S. In this review, we have described the generation of pseudotyped VSV with a focus on the optimization and application of pseudotyped VSV-SARS-CoV-2 S. The application of this pseudovirus has been addressed by its use in neutralizing antibody assays in order to evaluate a new vaccine, emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants (delta and omicron), and approved vaccine efficacy against variants of concern as well as in viral fusion-focused treatment analysis that can be performed under BSL-2 conditions.

Citing Articles

Leveraging Synthetic Virology for the Rapid Engineering of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV).

Moles C, Basu R, Weijmarshausen P, Ho B, Farhat M, Flaat T Viruses. 2024; 16(10).

PMID: 39459973 PMC: 11512388. DOI: 10.3390/v16101641.

Molecular Engineering of Virus Tropism.

He B, Wilson B, Chen S, Sharma K, Scappini E, Cook M Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(20).

PMID: 39456875 PMC: 11508178. DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011094.

Development of pseudotyped VSV-SARS-CoV-2 spike variants for the assessment of neutralizing antibodies.

Cimen A, Celebi Torabfam G, Tok Y, Yucebag E, Arslan N, Saribal D Bioanalysis. 2024; 16(21-22):1167-1177.

PMID: 39411978 PMC: 11583609. DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2411920.

An efficient plasmid-based system for the recovery of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding foreign glycoproteins.

Marques M, Andreu-Moreno I, Sanjuan R, Elena S, Geller R Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):14644.

PMID: 38918479 PMC: 11199562. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65384-8.

Design and Application of Biosafe Coronavirus Engineering Systems without Virulence.

Wu G, Li Q, Dai J, Mao G, Ma Y Viruses. 2024; 16(5).

PMID: 38793541 PMC: 11126016. DOI: 10.3390/v16050659.

References

Ogando N, Dalebout T, Zevenhoven-Dobbe J, Limpens R, van der Meer Y, Caly L . SARS-coronavirus-2 replication in Vero E6 cells: replication kinetics, rapid adaptation and cytopathology. J Gen Virol. 2020; 101(9):925-940. PMC: 7654748. DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001453. View

Pulliam J, van Schalkwyk C, Govender N, von Gottberg A, Cohen C, Groome M . Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of Omicron in South Africa. Science. 2022; 376(6593):eabn4947. PMC: 8995029. DOI: 10.1126/science.abn4947. View

Weiss R, Boettiger D, Murphy H . Pseudotypes of avian sarcoma viruses with the envelope properties of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology. 1977; 76(2):808-25. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90261-6. View

Condor Capcha J, Lambert G, Dykxhoorn D, Salerno A, Hare J, Whitt M . Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Virus for Viral Entry and Neutralization Assays: A 1-Week Protocol. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021; 7:618651. PMC: 7843445. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.618651. View

Schnell M, Buonocore L, Kretzschmar E, Johnson E, Rose J . Foreign glycoproteins expressed from recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses are incorporated efficiently into virus particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93(21):11359-65. PMC: 38062. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11359. View

Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett K, Goldsmith J, Hsieh C, Abiona O . Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367(6483):1260-1263. PMC: 7164637. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2507. View

Rodriguez S, Cross R, Fenton K, Bente D, Mire C, Geisbert T . Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Vaccine Protects Mice against Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):7755. PMC: 6533279. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44210-6. View

Pallesen J, Wang N, Corbett K, Wrapp D, Kirchdoerfer R, Turner H . Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017; 114(35):E7348-E7357. PMC: 5584442. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707304114. View

Moore M, Dorfman T, Li W, Wong S, Li Y, Kuhn J . Retroviruses pseudotyped with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein efficiently infect cells expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. J Virol. 2004; 78(19):10628-35. PMC: 516384. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10628-10635.2004. View

10.

Reed N . The history of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for air disinfection. Public Health Rep. 2010; 125(1):15-27. PMC: 2789813. DOI: 10.1177/003335491012500105. View

11.

Muik A, Dold C, Geiss Y, Volk A, Werbizki M, Dietrich U . Semireplication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus as a novel platform for oncolytic virotherapy. J Mol Med (Berl). 2012; 90(8):959-70. PMC: 3396339. DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0863-6. View

12.

Giroglou T, Cinatl Jr J, Rabenau H, Drosten C, Schwalbe H, Doerr H . Retroviral vectors pseudotyped with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein. J Virol. 2004; 78(17):9007-15. PMC: 506966. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.17.9007-9015.2004. View

13.

Deng X, Garcia-Knight M, Khalid M, Servellita V, Wang C, Morris M . Transmission, infectivity, and neutralization of a spike L452R SARS-CoV-2 variant. Cell. 2021; 184(13):3426-3437.e8. PMC: 8057738. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.025. View

14.

Dieterle M, Haslwanter D, Bortz 3rd R, Wirchnianski A, Lasso G, Vergnolle O . A Replication-Competent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus for Studies of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Mediated Cell Entry and Its Inhibition. Cell Host Microbe. 2020; 28(3):486-496.e6. PMC: 7332447. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.020. View

15.

Lontok E, Corse E, Machamer C . Intracellular targeting signals contribute to localization of coronavirus spike proteins near the virus assembly site. J Virol. 2004; 78(11):5913-22. PMC: 415842. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.11.5913-5922.2004. View

16.

McCallum M, Bassi J, De Marco A, Chen A, Walls A, di Iulio J . SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion by the B.1.427/B.1.429 variant of concern. Science. 2021; 373(6555):648-654. PMC: 9835956. DOI: 10.1126/science.abi7994. View

17.

Choppin P, Compans R . Phenotypic mixing of envelope proteins of the parainfluenza virus SV5 and vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol. 1970; 5(5):609-16. PMC: 376047. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.5.5.609-616.1970. View

18.

Mauro V, Chappell S . A critical analysis of codon optimization in human therapeutics. Trends Mol Med. 2014; 20(11):604-13. PMC: 4253638. DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.003. View

19.

Zhou L, Huntington K, Zhang S, Carlsen L, So E, Parker C . MEK inhibitors reduce cellular expression of ACE2, pERK, pRb while stimulating NK-mediated cytotoxicity and attenuating inflammatory cytokines relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Oncotarget. 2020; 11(46):4201-4223. PMC: 7679035. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27799. View

20.

Schmidt F, Weisblum Y, Muecksch F, Hoffmann H, Michailidis E, Lorenzi J . Measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity using pseudotyped and chimeric viruses. J Exp Med. 2020; 217(11). PMC: 7372514. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201181. View