Comparison of the Performance of the CareStart Malaria Pf/Pan Combo Test and Field Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in North Sumatera, Indonesia

Overview

Journal Malar J

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Tropical Medicine

Date 2022 Jan 30

PMID 35093067

Authors

Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu

Irma Sari Nasution

Krisnarta Sembiring

Fahmi Fahmi

Syahril Pasaribu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: In areas where malaria is endemic and where trained microscopists are not available, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are needed not only to allow prompt treatment without delay but also to prevent overdiagnosis and overtreatment based on clinical judgements that may lead to drug resistance. This study aimed to compare the performances of the CareStart Pf/Pan Combo test to field microscopy, which is considered to be the gold standard for malaria diagnosis.

Methods: Any person with a fever or a history of fever within 48 h who came to the health centre was recruited for the study and tested both by the CareStart Pf/Pan test and by field microscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were analysed with both methods.

Results: Two-hundred study participants were enrolled: 96 (48%) were found to be positive through microscopy, while 100 (50%) participants were found to be positive through RDT. The RDT produced four false-positive results. High sensitivity and specificity were observed for the CareStart Pf/Pan test (100 and 96.15%, respectively). The CareStart Pf/Pan test also showed excellent agreement with the field microscopy results.

Conclusion: The Carestart Pf/Pan could be used as an alternative diagnostic test in malaria-endemic areas where facility for performing microscopy is not available.

Citing Articles

Evaluation of the performance of advantage P.f. malaria Card and advantage malaria Pan + Pf Card, two rapid diagnostic tests for parasitological confirmation of malaria cases in field situation in Togo.

Teou D, Dorkenoo A, Ataba E, Alidou S, Yakpa K, Abdou-Kerim A Parasit Vectors. 2023; 16(1):444.

PMID: 38037186 PMC: 10691072. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06062-y.

Performance of highly sensitive and conventional rapid diagnostic tests for clinical and subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infections, and hrp2/3 deletion status in Burundi.

Niyukuri D, Sinzinkayo D, Troth E, Oduma C, Barengayabo M, Ndereyimana M PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023; 2(7):e0000828.

PMID: 36962426 PMC: 10022336. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000828.

Spatial analysis to evaluate risk of malaria in Northern Sumatera, Indonesia.

Fahmi F, Pasaribu A, Theodora M, Wangdi K Malar J. 2022; 21(1):241.

PMID: 35987665 PMC: 9392258. DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04262-y.

References

Murray C, Bennett J . [Not Available]. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2009; 2009:415953. PMC: 2696022. DOI: 10.1155/2009/415953. View

Nguyen T, von Seidlein L, Nguyen T, Truong P, Hung S, Pham H . The persistence and oscillations of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections over time in Vietnam: an open cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018; 18(5):565-572. PMC: 5910058. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30046-X. View

Kim J, Ji S, Goo Y, Na B, Pyo H, Lee H . Comparison of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea. PLoS One. 2013; 8(5):e64353. PMC: 3646812. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064353. View

Singh N, Shukla M, Shukla M, Mehra R, Sharma S, Bharti P . Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of rapid malaria diagnostic tests versus traditional and molecular techniques in India. Malar J. 2010; 9:191. PMC: 2905433. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-191. View

Wongsrichanalai C, Barcus M, Muth S, Sutamihardja A, Wernsdorfer W . A review of malaria diagnostic tools: microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 77(6 Suppl):119-27. View

Leslie T, Mikhail A, Mayan I, Anwar M, Bakhtash S, Nader M . Overdiagnosis and mistreatment of malaria among febrile patients at primary healthcare level in Afghanistan: observational study. BMJ. 2012; 345:e4389. PMC: 3404186. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e4389. View

Ahmed R, Levy E, Maratina S, de Jong J, Asih P, Rozi I . Performance of four HRP-2/pLDH combination rapid diagnostic tests and field microscopy as screening tests for malaria in pregnancy in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. Malar J. 2015; 14:420. PMC: 4625567. DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0943-5. View

Ashton R, Kefyalew T, Tesfaye G, Counihan H, Yadeta D, Cundill B . Performance of three multi-species rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Malar J. 2010; 9:297. PMC: 2988036. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-297. View

Hailu T, Kebede T . Assessing the performance of CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo Test against thick blood film in the diagnosis of malaria in northwest Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014; 90(6):1109-12. PMC: 4047737. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0607. View

10.

Watson O, Sumner K, Janko M, Goel V, Winskill P, Slater H . False-negative malaria rapid diagnostic test results and their impact on community-based malaria surveys in sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ Glob Health. 2019; 4(4):e001582. PMC: 6666813. DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001582. View

11.

Wogu M, Nduka F . Evaluating Malaria Prevalence Using Clinical Diagnosis Compared with Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Tests in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Rivers State, Nigeria. J Trop Med. 2018; 2018:3954717. PMC: 5937386. DOI: 10.1155/2018/3954717. View

12.

Sitohang V, Sariwati E, Fajariyani S, Hwang D, Kurnia B, Hapsari R . Malaria elimination in Indonesia: halfway there. Lancet Glob Health. 2018; 6(6):e604-e606. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30198-0. View

13.

Kim K, Jang J, Woo M, Oh J, Han E, Lee W . Evaluation of four rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax in Korea. Trop Med Int Health. 2011; 16(11):1427-31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02846.x. View

14.

Moges B, Amare B, Belyhun Y, Tekeste Z, Gizachew M, Workineh M . Comparison of CareStart™ HRP2/pLDH COMBO rapid malaria test with light microscopy in north-west Ethiopia. Malar J. 2012; 11:234. PMC: 3411439. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-234. View

15.

McMorrow M, Aidoo M, Kachur S . Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in elimination settings--can they find the last parasite?. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011; 17(11):1624-31. PMC: 4821879. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03639.x. View

16.

Fogg C, Twesigye R, Batwala V, Piola P, Nabasumba C, Kiguli J . Assessment of three new parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pan-pLDH) tests for diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007; 102(1):25-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.09.014. View

17.

Feleke D, Tarko S, Hadush H . Performance comparison of CareStart™ HRP2/pLDH combo rapid malaria test with light microscopy in north-western Tigray, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017; 17(1):399. PMC: 5461705. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2503-9. View

18.

Gerstl S, Dunkley S, Mukhtar A, De Smet M, Baker S, Maikere J . Assessment of two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in children under five years of age, with follow-up of false-positive pLDH test results, in a hyperendemic falciparum malaria area, Sierra Leone. Malar J. 2010; 9:28. PMC: 2835716. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-28. View

19.

Mekonnen Z, Ali S, Belay G, Suleman S, Chatterjee S . Evaluation of the performance of CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria in Jimma, southwestern Ethiopia. Acta Trop. 2009; 113(3):285-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.12.001. View

20.

Chu C, White N . The prevention and treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria. PLoS Med. 2021; 18(4):e1003561. PMC: 8064578. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003561. View