Oriental Freshwater Mussels Arose in East Gondwana and Arrived to Asia on the Indian Plate and Burma Terrane

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2022 Jan 28

PMID 35087130

Authors

Ivan N Bolotov

Rajeev Pasupuleti

Nalluri V Subba Rao

Suresh Kumar Unnikrishnan

Nyein Chan

Zau Lunn

Than Win

Mikhail Y Gofarov

Alexander V Kondakov

Ekaterina S Konopleva

Artyom A Lyubas

Alena A Tomilova

Ilya V Vikhrev

Markus Pfenninger

Sophie S Duwel

Barbara Feldmeyer

Hasko F Nesemann

Karl-Otto Nagel

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Freshwater mussels cannot spread through oceanic barriers and represent a suitable model to test the continental drift patterns. Here, we reconstruct the diversification of Oriental freshwater mussels (Unionidae) and revise their taxonomy. We show that the Indian Subcontinent harbors a rather taxonomically poor fauna, containing 25 freshwater mussel species from one subfamily (Parreysiinae). This subfamily most likely originated in East Gondwana in the Jurassic and its representatives arrived to Asia on two Gondwanan fragments (Indian Plate and Burma Terrane). We propose that the Burma Terrane was connected with the Indian Plate through the Greater India up to the terminal Cretaceous. Later on, during the entire Paleogene epoch, these blocks have served as isolated evolutionary hotspots for freshwater mussels. The Burma Terrane collided with mainland Asia in the Late Eocene, leading to the origin of the Mekong's Indochinellini radiation. Our findings indicate that the Burma Terrane had played a major role as a Gondwanan "biotic ferry" alongside with the Indian Plate.

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