Non-invasive Respiratory Support in COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Overview

Journal Front Med (Lausanne)

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2022 Jan 21

PMID 35059415

Authors

Manel Lujan

Javier Sayas

Olga Mediano

Carlos Egea

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia may require a variety of non-pharmacological strategies in addition to oxygen therapy to avoid endotracheal intubation. The response to all these strategies, which include high nasal flow, continuous positive pressure, non-invasive ventilation, or even prone positioning in awake patients, can be highly variable depending on the predominant phenotypic involvement. Deciding when to replace conventional oxygen therapy with non-invasive respiratory support, which to choose, the role of combined methods, definitions, and attitudes toward treatment failure, and improved case improvement procedures are directly relevant clinical questions for the daily care of critically ill COVID-19 patients. The experience accumulated after more than a year of the pandemic should lead to developing recommendations that give answers to all these questions.

Citing Articles

Post-discharge spirometry evaluation in patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

Chai C, Bin Ibrahim M, Binti Azhar N, Binti Roslan Z, Binti Harun R, Krishnabahawan S Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):16413.

PMID: 39013943 PMC: 11252397. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67536-2.

Non-invasive respiratory support in the management of COVID-19: a synthesis of systematic reviews.

Hill J, Hebatalla A, Hamer O, Gomez K, Harrison J, Bongers T Br J Card Nurs. 2024; 18(1):0060.

PMID: 38736533 PMC: 7615950. DOI: 10.12968/bjca.2022.0060.

Analysis of combined non-invasive respiratory support in the first six waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcome according to the first respiratory support.

Carrillo-Alcaraz A, Guia M, Lopez-Gomez L, Bayoumy P, Alonso-Fernandez N, Martinez-Quintana M Trends Anaesth Crit Care. 2024; 48:101208.

PMID: 38620777 PMC: 9783099. DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2022.101208.

Failure of Non-Invasive Respiratory Support in Patients with SARS-CoV-2.

Garcia-Fernandez J, Sanchez-Nicolas J, Galicia-Puyol S, Gil-Rosa I, Guerras-Conesa J, Bernal-Morell E J Clin Med. 2023; 12(20).

PMID: 37892675 PMC: 10607690. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206537.

Feasibility and Short-Term SpO/FiO Changes in Hospitalized Adults with COVID-19 Pneumonia after Chest Physiotherapy with Threshold PEP Valve: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Estela J, Sanchez E, Mateu G, Fernandez E, Robert E, Pozo S J Clin Med. 2023; 12(17).

PMID: 37685610 PMC: 10487985. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175544.

References

Wu Z, McGoogan J . Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323(13):1239-1242. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648. View

Caballero-Eraso C, Heili S, Mediano O . [Changes in Respiratory Units During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Intermediate Respiratory Care Units in Spain]. Open Respir Arch. 2024; 2(4):303-304. PMC: 7574861. DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2020.10.002. View

De Vita N, Scotti L, Cammarota G, Racca F, Pissaia C, Maestrone C . Predictors of intubation in COVID-19 patients treated with out-of-ICU continuous positive airway pressure. Pulmonology. 2021; 28(3):173-180. PMC: 7817479. DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.12.010. View

Griffiths M, Meade S, Summers C, McAuley D, Proudfoot A, Baladia M . RAND appropriateness panel to determine the applicability of UK guidelines on the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other strategies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thorax. 2021; 77(2):129-135. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-216904. View

Zhang J, Dong X, Cao Y, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Yan Y . Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020; 75(7):1730-1741. DOI: 10.1111/all.14238. View

Page M, McKenzie J, Bossuyt P, Boutron I, Hoffmann T, Mulrow C . The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int J Surg. 2021; 88:105906. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906. View

Robba C, Battaglini D, Ball L, Patroniti N, Loconte M, Brunetti I . Distinct phenotypes require distinct respiratory management strategies in severe COVID-19. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2020; 279:103455. PMC: 7211757. DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103455. View

Coppo A, Winterton D, Benini A, Monzani A, Aletti G, Cadore B . Rodin's Thinker: An Alternative Position in Awake Patients with COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021; 204(6):728-730. PMC: 8521701. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202104-0915LE. View

Blez D, Soulier A, Bonnet F, Gayat E, Garnier M . Monitoring of high-flow nasal cannula for SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia: less is more, better look at respiratory rate. Intensive Care Med. 2020; 46(11):2094-2095. PMC: 7393342. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06199-9. View

10.

Zuo M, Huang Y, Ma W, Xue Z, Zhang J, Gong Y . Expert Recommendations for Tracheal Intubation in Critically ill Patients with Noval Coronavirus Disease 2019. Chin Med Sci J. 2020; . PMC: 7367670. DOI: 10.24920/003724. View

11.

Meyer N, Gattinoni L, Calfee C . Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet. 2021; 398(10300):622-637. PMC: 8248927. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00439-6. View

12.

Alviset S, Riller Q, Aboab J, Dilworth K, Billy P, Lombardi Y . Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2020; 15(10):e0240645. PMC: 7556440. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240645. View

13.

Brower R, Matthay M, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson B, Wheeler A . Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342(18):1301-8. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200005043421801. View

14.

Perez-Nieto O, Escarraman-Martinez D, Guerrero-Gutierrez M, Zamarron-Lopez E, Mancilla-Galindo J, Kammar-Garcia A . Awake prone positioning and oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19: the APRONOX study. Eur Respir J. 2021; 59(2. PMC: 8576803. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00265-2021. View

15.

Guy T, Creachcadec A, Ricordel C, Sale A, Arnouat B, Bizec J . High-flow nasal oxygen: a safe, efficient treatment for COVID-19 patients not in an ICU. Eur Respir J. 2020; 56(5). PMC: 7453734. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01154-2020. View

16.

Vega M, Dongilli R, Olaizola G, Colaianni N, Sayat M, Pisani L . COVID-19 pneumonia and ROX index: Time to set a new threshold for patients admitted outside the ICU. Authors' reply. Pulmonology. 2021; 27(5):475-476. PMC: 8321775. DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.07.001. View

17.

Bonnet N, Martin O, Boubaya M, Levy V, Ebstein N, Karoubi P . High flow nasal oxygen therapy to avoid invasive mechanical ventilation in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a retrospective study. Ann Intensive Care. 2021; 11(1):37. PMC: 7910764. DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00825-5. View

18.

Cook T, El-Boghdadly K, McGuire B, McNarry A, Patel A, Higgs A . Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19: Guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, the Association of Anaesthetists the Intensive Care Society, the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine and the Royal College of.... Anaesthesia. 2020; 75(6):785-799. PMC: 7383579. DOI: 10.1111/anae.15054. View

19.

Boscolo A, Pasin L, Sella N, Pretto C, Tocco M, Tamburini E . Outcomes of COVID-19 patients intubated after failure of non-invasive ventilation: a multicenter observational study. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1):17730. PMC: 8421335. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96762-1. View

20.

Chandel A, Patolia S, Brown A, Collins A, Sahjwani D, Khangoora V . High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in COVID-19: Using the ROX Index to Predict Success. Respir Care. 2020; 66(6):909-919. DOI: 10.4187/respcare.08631. View