Prevalence, Genetic Structure, and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Species Complex Strains Collected from the Arboreal Niche in Poland

Overview

Journal Pathogens

Date 2022 Jan 21

PMID 35055956

Authors

Magdalena Florek

Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal

Anna Wzorek

Katarzyna Wlodarczyk

Maja Marynowska

Aleksandra Pogorzelska

Maria Brodala

Sebastian Ploch

Daniel Buczek

Katarzyna Balon

Urszula Nawrot

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Fungi belonging to the species complex (CNGSC) are etiological agents of serious and not infrequently fatal infections in both humans and animals. Trees are the main ecological niche and source of potential exposition concerning these pathogens. With regard to epidemiology of cryptococcosis, various surveys were performed worldwide, enabling the establishment of a map of distribution and genetic structure of the arboreal population of the CNGSC. However, there are regions, among them Central and Eastern Europe, in which the data are lacking. The present study shows the results of such an environmental study performed in Wrocław, Poland. The CNGSC strains were detected in 2.2% of the tested trees belonging to four genera. The obtained pathogen population consisted exclusively of , represented by both the major molecular type VNI and VNIV. Within the tested group of isolates, resistance to commonly used antimycotics was not found, except for 5-fluorocytosine, in which about 5% of the strains were classified as a non-wild type.

Citing Articles

Antifungal Resistance in Cryptococcal Infections.

Melhem M, Leite Junior D, Takahashi J, Macioni M, Oliveira L, de Araujo L Pathogens. 2024; 13(2).

PMID: 38392866 PMC: 10891860. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020128.

Primary Cutaneous Cryptococcosis Caused by in an Elderly Patient.

Belda Jr W, Casolato A, Luppi J, Passero L, Criado P Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022; 7(9).

PMID: 36136617 PMC: 9501260. DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090206.

References

Cogliati M . Global warming impact on the expansion of fundamental niche of Cryptococcus gattii VGI in Europe. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2021; 13(3):375-383. PMC: 8251527. DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12945. View

Bastos R, Carneiro H, Oliveira L, Rocha K, Freitas G, Costa M . Environmental Triazole Induces Cross-Resistance to Clinical Drugs and Affects Morphophysiology and Virulence of Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017; 62(1). PMC: 5740350. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01179-17. View

Montagna M, De Donno A, Caggiano G, Serio F, De Giglio O, Bagordo F . Molecular characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii from environmental sources and genetic comparison with clinical isolates in Apulia, Italy. Environ Res. 2017; 160:347-352. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.032. View

Cogliati M, Puccianti E, Montagna M, De Donno A, Susever S, Ergin C . Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe. Environ Microbiol. 2017; 19(10):4318-4325. DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13915. View

Wojcik A, Kurnatowski P, Blaszkowska J . Potentially pathogenic yeasts from soil of children's recreational areas in the city of Łódź (Poland). Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013; 26(3):477-87. DOI: 10.2478/s13382-013-0118-y. View

May R, Stone N, Wiesner D, Bicanic T, Nielsen K . Cryptococcus: from environmental saprophyte to global pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015; 14(2):106-17. PMC: 5019959. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2015.6. View

Litvintseva A, Kestenbaum L, Vilgalys R, Mitchell T . Comparative analysis of environmental and clinical populations of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(2):556-64. PMC: 548066. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.2.556-564.2005. View

Wang Y, Casadevall A . Decreased susceptibility of melanized Cryptococcus neoformans to UV light. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994; 60(10):3864-6. PMC: 201897. DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.10.3864-3866.1994. View

Kwon-Chung K . Morphogenesis of Filobasidiella neoformans, the sexual state of Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycologia. 1976; 68(4):821-33. View

10.

Maliehe M, Ntoi M, Lahiri S, Folorunso O, Ogundeji A, Pohl C . Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Pathogenesis. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(2). PMC: 7074686. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020180. View

11.

Sanchini A, McCormick Smith I, Sedlacek L, Schwarz R, Tintelnot K, Rickerts V . Molecular typing of clinical Cryptococcus neoformans isolates collected in Germany from 2004 to 2010. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2014; 203(5):333-40. DOI: 10.1007/s00430-014-0341-6. View

12.

Gutch R, Nawange S, Singh S, Yadu R, Tiwari A, Gumasta R . Antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii isolates in Jabalpur, a city of Madhya Pradesh in Central India. Braz J Microbiol. 2015; 46(4):1125-33. PMC: 4704646. DOI: 10.1590/S1517-838246420140564. View

13.

Billmyre R, Clancey S, Li L, Doering T, Heitman J . 5-fluorocytosine resistance is associated with hypermutation and alterations in capsule biosynthesis in Cryptococcus. Nat Commun. 2020; 11(1):127. PMC: 6949227. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13890-z. View

14.

Meyer W, Aanensen D, Boekhout T, Cogliati M, Diaz M, Esposto M . Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Med Mycol. 2009; 47(6):561-70. PMC: 2884100. DOI: 10.1080/13693780902953886. View

15.

Cogliati M, DAmicis R, Zani A, Montagna M, Caggiano G, De Giglio O . Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii around the Mediterranean basin. FEMS Yeast Res. 2016; 16(4). PMC: 5975981. DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow045. View

16.

Pais P, Pires C, Costa C, Okamoto M, Chibana H, Teixeira M . Membrane Proteomics Analysis of the Response to 5-Flucytosine: Unveiling the Role and Regulation of the Drug Efflux Transporters CgFlr1 and CgFlr2. Front Microbiol. 2017; 7:2045. PMC: 5174090. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02045. View

17.

Thompson 3rd G, Albert N, Hodge G, Wilson M, Sykes J, Bays D . Phenotypic differences of Cryptococcus molecular types and their implications for virulence in a Drosophila model of infection. Infect Immun. 2014; 82(7):3058-65. PMC: 4097627. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01805-14. View

18.

Keesing F, Belden L, Daszak P, Dobson A, Harvell C, Holt R . Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. Nature. 2010; 468(7324):647-52. PMC: 7094913. DOI: 10.1038/nature09575. View

19.

Bosch C, Toplis B, Vreulink J, Volschenk H, Botha A . Nitrogen concentration affects amphotericin B and fluconazole tolerance of pathogenic cryptococci. FEMS Yeast Res. 2020; 20(2). DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa010. View

20.

Hagen F, Khayhan K, Theelen B, Kolecka A, Polacheck I, Sionov E . Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Fungal Genet Biol. 2015; 78:16-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.02.009. View