Neutralization Assessments Reveal High Cardiothoracic Ratio and Old Age As Independent Predictors of Low Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Hemodialysis Patients Receiving a Single Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine

Overview

Journal J Pers Med

Date 2022 Jan 21

PMID 35055386

Authors

Chun-Yu Chen

Kuan-Ting Liu

Shin-Ru Shih

Jung-Jr Ye

Yih-Ting Chen

Heng-Chih Pan

Heng-Jung Hsu

Chiao-Yin Sun

Chin-Chan Lee

Chun-Ying Wu

Chi-Chun Lai

I-Wen Wu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Data are lacking regarding predictors of quantification of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) based on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 50% neutralization titer (NT) after a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: This prospective single-center study enrolled 200 HD patients and 82 healthy subjects to estimate antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein 1 and receptor-binding domain after a first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1 or mRNA-1273), measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and applied spline-based generalized additive model regression analysis to predict NT converted to international units.

Results: After the first dose of ChAdOx1, multiple linear regression showed that age ( 0.011) and cardiothoracic ratio ( = 0.002) were negatively associated with NT. Older age (OR = 0.958, 0.052) and higher cardiothoracic ratio (OR < 0.001, 0.037) could predict negative humoral response (NT < 35.13 IU/mL). NT was lower in HD patients compared with healthy controls receiving ChAdOx1 (10.68 vs. 43.01 IU/m, < 0.001) or mRNA-1273 (36.39 vs. 262.2 IU/mL, < 0.001). ChAdOx1 elicited lower GMTs than mRNA-1273 in the HD cohort (10.68 vs. 36.39 IU/mL, < 0.001) and in healthy controls (43.01 vs. 262.22 IU/mL, < 0.001).

Conclusion: High cardiothoracic ratio and old age could independently predict a decline in nAb titers in an HD cohort vaccinated with a single dose of ChAdOx1.

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