Update on Dyslipidemia in Hypothyroidism: the Mechanism of Dyslipidemia in Hypothyroidism

Overview

Journal Endocr Connect

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2022 Jan 11

PMID 35015703

Authors

Huixing Liu

Daoquan Peng

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Hypothyroidism is often associated with elevated serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides. Thyroid hormone (TH) affects the production, clearance and transformation of cholesterol, but current research shows that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also participates in lipid metabolism independently of TH. Therefore, the mechanism of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia is associated with the decrease of TH and the increase of TSH levels. Some newly identified regulatory factors, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, angiogenin-like proteins and fibroblast growth factors are the underlying causes of dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism. HDL serum concentration changes were not consistent, and its function was reportedly impaired. The current review focuses on the updated understanding of the mechanism of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia.

Citing Articles

Endocrine and metabolic comorbidities in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

Park S, Ahn M, Jeong D Front Med (Lausanne). 2025; 12:1429337.

PMID: 39981087 PMC: 11839645. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1429337.

Prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among patients with hypothyroidism in Southern Iran.

Dehesh T, Mosleh-Shirazi M, Dehesh P BMC Psychiatry. 2025; 25(1):54.

PMID: 39833737 PMC: 11748247. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-025-06490-3.

Thyroid Dysfunction Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Southeastern Part of Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Hossen M, Islam M, Das A, Ripon M, Amin M, Basher M Health Sci Rep. 2025; 8(1):e70329.

PMID: 39777287 PMC: 11705530. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70329.

Prevalence of hypothyroidism in older adults and its association with cognition: a cross-sectional study from a South Indian ageing urban cohort.

Jessy A, G S, S M, Sundarakumar J, Stezin A, Issac T Brain Commun. 2024; 6(6):fcae391.

PMID: 39659976 PMC: 11630561. DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae391.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Gestational Hypertensive Disorders in a Cohort of Romanian Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study.

Mihai M, Vladut S, Lucian P, Irina M, Victoria N, Claudiu M Biomedicines. 2024; 12(11).

PMID: 39595153 PMC: 11592048. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12112587.

References

Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Tang Y, Jespersen N, Wallace M, Calejman C, Gujja S . Brown Fat AKT2 Is a Cold-Induced Kinase that Stimulates ChREBP-Mediated De Novo Lipogenesis to Optimize Fuel Storage and Thermogenesis. Cell Metab. 2017; 27(1):195-209.e6. PMC: 5762420. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.008. View

Moreno-Navarrete J, Moreno M, Ortega F, Xifra G, Hong S, Asara J . mRNA is linked to cholesterol metabolism in adipose tissue. FASEB J. 2017; 31(10):4482-4491. PMC: 5602896. DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700161R. View

Haller J, Mintah I, Shihanian L, Stevis P, Buckler D, Alexa-Braun C . ANGPTL8 requires ANGPTL3 to inhibit lipoprotein lipase and plasma triglyceride clearance. J Lipid Res. 2017; 58(6):1166-1173. PMC: 5454515. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M075689. View

Fu Z, Abou-Samra A, Zhang R . A lipasin/Angptl8 monoclonal antibody lowers mouse serum triglycerides involving increased postprandial activity of the cardiac lipoprotein lipase. Sci Rep. 2015; 5:18502. PMC: 4685196. DOI: 10.1038/srep18502. View

Ito M, Takamatsu J, Sasaki I, Hiraiwa T, Fukao A, Murakami Y . Disturbed metabolism of remnant lipoproteins in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Am J Med. 2004; 117(9):696-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.04.027. View

Beukhof C, Massolt E, Visser T, Korevaar T, Medici M, de Herder W . Effects of Thyrotropin on Peripheral Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Serum Lipids. Thyroid. 2018; 28(2):168-174. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0330. View

McGarry J, Brown N . The mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. From concept to molecular analysis. Eur J Biochem. 1997; 244(1):1-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00001.x. View

Ruscica M, Ferri N, Macchi C, Meroni M, Lanti C, Ricci C . Liver fat accumulation is associated with circulating PCSK9. Ann Med. 2016; 48(5):384-91. DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1188328. View

Xu Y, Redon V, Yu H, Querbes W, Pirruccello J, Liebow A . Role of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) in regulating plasma level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Atherosclerosis. 2017; 268:196-206. PMC: 5750127. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.031. View

10.

Zheng Y, Zhao C, Zhang N, Kang W, Lu R, Wu H . Serum microRNA miR-206 is decreased in hyperthyroidism and mediates thyroid hormone regulation of lipid metabolism in HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells. Mol Med Rep. 2018; 17(4):5635-5641. PMC: 5866004. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8633. View

11.

Mugii S, Hanada H, Okubo M, Masuda D, Takeoka K, Hidaka Y . Thyroid function influences serum apolipoprotein B-48 levels in patients with thyroid disease. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2012; 19(10):890-6. DOI: 10.5551/jat.12757. View

12.

Schaap F, Rensen P, Voshol P, Vrins C, van der Vliet H, Chamuleau R . ApoAV reduces plasma triglycerides by inhibiting very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production and stimulating lipoprotein lipase-mediated VLDL-TG hydrolysis. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279(27):27941-7. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M403240200. View

13.

Ridgway N, Dolphin P . Serum activity and hepatic secretion of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in experimental hypothyroidism and hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res. 1985; 26(11):1300-13. View

14.

Lim J, Kim H, Ahn H, Park K, Yi K, Park D . Influence of thyroid dysfunction on serum levels of angiopoietin-like protein 6. Metabolism. 2015; 64(10):1279-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.06.015. View

15.

Fenzl A, Itariu B, Kosi L, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Kautzky-Willer A, Stulnig T . Circulating betatrophin correlates with atherogenic lipid profiles but not with glucose and insulin levels in insulin-resistant individuals. Diabetologia. 2014; 57(6):1204-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3208-x. View

16.

Wang Y, Quagliarini F, Gusarova V, Gromada J, Valenzuela D, Cohen J . Mice lacking ANGPTL8 (Betatrophin) manifest disrupted triglyceride metabolism without impaired glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013; 110(40):16109-14. PMC: 3791734. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315292110. View

17.

Abdel-Gayoum A . Dyslipidemia and serum mineral profiles in patients with thyroid disorders. Saudi Med J. 2014; 35(12):1469-76. PMC: 4362163. View

18.

Jung K, Ahn H, Han S, Park Y, Cho B, Moon M . Association between thyroid function and lipid profiles, apolipoproteins, and high-density lipoprotein function. J Clin Lipidol. 2017; 11(6):1347-1353. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.015. View

19.

Luxia L, Jingfang L, Songbo F, Xulei T, Lihua M, Weiming S . Correlation Between Serum TSH Levels Within Normal Range and Serum Lipid Profile. Horm Metab Res. 2020; 53(1):32-40. DOI: 10.1055/a-1191-7953. View

20.

Miyata M, Hata T, Yamazoe Y, Yoshinari K . SREBP-2 negatively regulates FXR-dependent transcription of FGF19 in human intestinal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013; 443(2):477-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.126. View