Effect of Stromal Vascular Fractions on Angiogenesis of Injected Diced Cartilage

Overview

Journal J Craniofac Surg

Specialties Dentistry
General Surgery

Date 2022 Jan 11

PMID 35013075

Authors

Han Yin

Cong Xie

Li Li

Li Zeng

Zi-Wen Zhu

Nian Chen

Hong-Ju Xie

Jun-Lin Liao

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: This study explored the effect of adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) on angiogenesis in injected autologous diced cartilage.

Methods: Stromal vascular fractions were extracted by enzymatic digestion. Cartilage grafts were harvested from 1 side of the auricular cartilage of New Zealand rabbit and then diced to a size of 1.0 mm3. The grafts were divided into 2 groups. The control group was diced cartilage mixed with culture medium, and the experimental group was diced cartilage mixed with SVFs. The 2 groups of composite grafts were subcutaneously implanted on both sides of the back of each rabbit. After 4, 12 and 24 weeks, the tissue structure, number of blood vessels, and angiogenic factors in the grafts were observed.

Results: The SVFs conformed to the current standard of the biological evaluation. Under an inverted microscope, the number of layers of chondrocytes in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group at 4 weeks. A small number of inflammatory cells and blood vessels were observed around the cartilage grafts. At 12 and 24 weeks, the volume of tissue was increased gradually by general observation. And a large number of chondrocytes were observed microscopically, whereas the number of inflammatory cells decreased. And meanwhile additional new blood vessels were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD31 showed that the number of capillaries in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group at 4, 12 and 24 weeks. Further, the expression of Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR and Western bloting, respectively. The results showed that the mRNA expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in the experimental group was increased. The mRNA level remained higher than that of the control group at 24 weeks (P < 0.05). And the relative expression levels of VEGF and HIF-1α protein in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group at 4, 12 and 24 weeks (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Autologous diced cartilage mixed with adipose-derived SVFs can promote angiogenesis when transplanted by injection. Further research showed that SVFs could increase the expression levels of VEGF and HIF-1α in the grafts, which may be part of the mechanism that SVFs promoted the angiogenesis of diced cartilage.

Citing Articles

Combining Diced Cartilage with Chondrocyte Spheroids in GelMA Hydrogel: An Animal Study in Diced Cartilage Grafting Technique.

Wang G, Jin M, Sun Y, An Y, Zhao Z Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2023; 20(2):285-294.

PMID: 36592327 PMC: 10070587. DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00499-5.

References

Nunes S, Maijub J, Krishnan L, Ramakrishnan V, Clayton L, Williams S . Generation of a functional liver tissue mimic using adipose stromal vascular fraction cell-derived vasculatures. Sci Rep. 2013; 3:2141. PMC: 3701895. DOI: 10.1038/srep02141. View

Thompson C . Into Thin Air: How We Sense and Respond to Hypoxia. Cell. 2016; 167(1):9-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.036. View

Wu Y, Chang C, Kao A, Hsi B, Lee S, Chen Y . Hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization in zebrafish embryos: a potential model of retinopathy of prematurity. PLoS One. 2015; 10(5):e0126750. PMC: 4433197. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126750. View

Guo J, Nguyen A, Banyard D, Fadavi D, Toranto J, Wirth G . Stromal vascular fraction: A regenerative reality? Part 2: Mechanisms of regenerative action. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015; 69(2):180-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2015.10.014. View

Pak J, Lee J, Pak N, Park K, Jeon J, Jeong B . Clinical Protocol of Producing Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction for Potential Cartilage Regeneration. J Vis Exp. 2018; (139). PMC: 6235368. DOI: 10.3791/58363. View

Zhang L, Ma W, Bai J, Li X, Li H, Zhu T . Comprehensive Application of Autologous Costal Cartilage Grafts in Rhino- and Mentoplasty. J Craniofac Surg. 2019; 30(7):2174-2177. DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005858. View

Liao J, Chen J, Xu J, Cheng Y, Xie H, He G . Viability and Biomechanics of Bare Diced Cartilage Grafts in Experimental Study. J Craniofac Surg. 2017; 28(6):1445-1450. DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003561. View

Bora P, Majumdar A . Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction in regenerative medicine: a brief review on biology and translation. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017; 8(1):145. PMC: 5472998. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0598-y. View

Liao J, Chen J, He B, Chen Y, Xu J, Xie H . Viability and Biomechanics of Diced Cartilage Blended With Platelet-Rich Plasma and Wrapped With Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Membrane. J Craniofac Surg. 2017; 28(6):1418-1424. DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003739. View

10.

Campiglio G, Rafanelli G, Klinger F, Caviggioli F, Giannasi S, Klinger M . Dorsal Augmentation with Diced Conchal Cartilage Wrapped in Retroauricular Fascia. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2019; 43(3):780-785. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01340-6. View

11.

Laschke M, Menger M . Prevascularization in tissue engineering: Current concepts and future directions. Biotechnol Adv. 2015; 34(2):112-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.004. View

12.

Linsley C, Wu B, Tawil B . Mesenchymal stem cell growth on and mechanical properties of fibrin-based biomimetic bone scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2016; 104(12):2945-2953. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35840. View

13.

You D, Jang M, Kim B, Song G, Lee C, Suh N . Comparative study of autologous stromal vascular fraction and adipose-derived stem cells for erectile function recovery in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2015; 4(4):351-8. PMC: 4367505. DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0161. View

14.

Bony C, Cren M, Domergue S, Toupet K, Jorgensen C, Noel D . Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated after Manual or Water-jet-Assisted Liposuction Display Similar Properties. Front Immunol. 2016; 6:655. PMC: 4716140. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00655. View

15.

Zuk P, Zhu M, Mizuno H, Huang J, Futrell J, Katz A . Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng. 2001; 7(2):211-28. DOI: 10.1089/107632701300062859. View

16.

Bourin P, Bunnell B, Casteilla L, Dominici M, Katz A, March K . Stromal cells from the adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction and culture expanded adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells: a joint statement of the International Federation for Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS) and the.... Cytotherapy. 2013; 15(6):641-8. PMC: 3979435. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.02.006. View

17.

Erol O . The Turkish delight: a pliable graft for rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000; 105(6):2229-41; discussion 2242-3. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200005000-00051. View

18.

Calvert J, Brenner K, Dacosta-Iyer M, Evans G, Daniel R . Histological analysis of human diced cartilage grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006; 118(1):230-6. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000220463.73865.78. View

19.

Harada Y, Mifune Y, Inui A, Sakata R, Muto T, Takase F . Rotator cuff repair using cell sheets derived from human rotator cuff in a rat model. J Orthop Res. 2016; 35(2):289-296. DOI: 10.1002/jor.23289. View

20.

Aronowitz J, Lockhart R, Hakakian C . Mechanical versus enzymatic isolation of stromal vascular fraction cells from adipose tissue. Springerplus. 2015; 4:713. PMC: 4656256. DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1509-2. View