Cool Temperature Enhances Growth, Ferulic Acid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis While Inhibiting Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in

Overview

Journal Molecules

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biology

Date 2022 Jan 11

PMID 35011549

Authors

Han Dong

Meiling Li

Ling Jin

Xiaorong Xie

Mengfei Li

Jianhe Wei

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

, a perennial herb that produces ferulic acid and phthalides for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, prefers growing at an altitude of 1800-3000 m. Geographical models have predicted that high altitude, cool temperature and sunshade play determining roles in geo-authentic formation. Although the roles of altitude and light in yield and quality have been investigated, the role of temperature in regulating growth, metabolites biosynthesis and gene expression is still unclear. In this study, growth characteristics, metabolites contents and related genes expression were investigated by exposing to cooler (15 °C) and normal temperatures (22 °C). The results showed that plant biomass, the contents of ferulic acid and flavonoids and the expression levels of genes related to the biosynthesis of ferulic acid (, , , , , and ) and flavonoids ( and ) were enhanced at 15 °C compared to 22 °C. The contents of ligustilide and volatile oils exhibited slight increases, while polysaccharide contents decreased in response to cooler temperature. Based on gene expression levels, ferulic acid biosynthesis probably depends on the CCOAMT pathway and not the COMT pathway. It can be concluded that cool temperature enhances plant growth, ferulic acid and flavonoid accumulation but inhibits polysaccharide biosynthesis in . These findings authenticate that cool temperature plays a determining role in the formation of geo-authentic and also provide a strong foundation for regulating metabolites production of .

Citing Articles

Integrated physiological characterisation and transcriptomics reveals drought tolerance differences between two cultivars of A. sinensis at seedling stage.

Zhu T, Liu T, Kang S, Zhang J, Zhang S, Yang B Mol Biol Rep. 2025; 52(1):283.

PMID: 40042551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-025-10377-7.

Impacts of climate change on the suitable habitat of Angelica sinensis and analysis of its drivers in China.

Xi S, Guo X, Ma X, Jin L Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):3508.

PMID: 39875443 PMC: 11775104. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-87436-3.

Response mechanism of major secondary metabolites of to selenium nanoparticles.

Wan X, Wang J, Zhang J, Cui H, Cui L, Xiao Q Front Plant Sci. 2025; 15:1480079.

PMID: 39744600 PMC: 11688289. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1480079.

Widely targeted metabolomics analysis reveals differences in volatile metabolites among four Angelica species.

Ji J, Zang L, Lu T, Li C, Han X, Lee S Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2025; 15(1):2.

PMID: 39743660 PMC: 11693638. DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00485-5.

Physiological and molecular regulatory mechanism of flavonoid metabolite biosynthesis during low temperature adaptation in Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

Shi P, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li L, Liang Y, Lin H BMC Plant Biol. 2024; 24(1):1263.

PMID: 39731022 PMC: 11673657. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05991-9.

References

Yang D, Sun P, Li M . Chilling temperature stimulates growth, gene over-expression and podophyllotoxin biosynthesis in Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2016; 107:197-203. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.010. View

Visser R, Stolte A, Jacobsen E . Expression of a chimaeric granule-bound starch synthase-GUS gene in transgenic potato plants. Plant Mol Biol. 1991; 17(4):691-9. DOI: 10.1007/BF00037054. View

Kienow L, Schneider K, Bartsch M, Stuible H, Weng H, Miersch O . Jasmonates meet fatty acids: functional analysis of a new acyl-coenzyme A synthetase family from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot. 2008; 59(2):403-19. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm325. View

Griesser M, Vitzthum F, Fink B, Bellido M, Raasch C, Munoz-Blanco J . Multi-substrate flavonol O-glucosyltransferases from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) achene and receptacle. J Exp Bot. 2008; 59(10):2611-25. PMC: 2486459. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern117. View

Date K, Satoh A, Iida K, Ogawa H . Pancreatic α-Amylase Controls Glucose Assimilation by Duodenal Retrieval through N-Glycan-specific Binding, Endocytosis, and Degradation. J Biol Chem. 2015; 290(28):17439-50. PMC: 4498079. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M114.594937. View

Xu R, Xu J, Li Y, Dai Y, Zhang S, Wang G . Integrated chemical and transcriptomic analyses unveils synthetic characteristics of different medicinal root parts of . Chin Herb Med. 2022; 12(1):19-28. PMC: 9476730. DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.07.003. View

Koeduka T, Baiga T, Noel J, Pichersky E . Biosynthesis of t-anethole in anise: characterization of t-anol/isoeugenol synthase and an O-methyltransferase specific for a C7-C8 propenyl side chain. Plant Physiol. 2008; 149(1):384-94. PMC: 2613694. DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.128066. View

Xu X, Zhu T, Shi T, Chen J, Jin L . Quality suitability regionalization analysis of Angelica sinensis in Gansu, China. PLoS One. 2020; 15(12):e0243750. PMC: 7735642. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243750. View

Liu C, Huhman D, Sumner L, Dixon R . Regiospecific hydroxylation of isoflavones by cytochrome p450 81E enzymes from Medicago truncatula. Plant J. 2003; 36(4):471-84. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01893.x. View

10.

Miron D, Schaffer A . Sucrose Phosphate Synthase, Sucrose Synthase, and Invertase Activities in Developing Fruit of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and the Sucrose Accumulating Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl. Plant Physiol. 1991; 95(2):623-7. PMC: 1077577. DOI: 10.1104/pp.95.2.623. View

11.

Li J, Li M, Zhu T, Zhang X, Li M, Wei J . Integrated transcriptomics and metabolites at different growth stages reveals the regulation mechanism of bolting and flowering of Angelica sinensis. Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2021; 23(4):574-582. DOI: 10.1111/plb.13249. View

12.

Ramakrishna A, Ravishankar G . Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Signal Behav. 2011; 6(11):1720-31. PMC: 3329344. DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.11.17613. View

13.

Wang H, Jin L, Zhang E . [Effect of altitudes on the photosynthate accumulation and distribution pattern of Angelic sinensis]. Zhong Yao Cai. 2013; 35(8):1191-4. View

14.

Liu T, Yao R, Zhao Y, Xu S, Huang C, Luo J . Cloning, Functional Characterization and Site-Directed Mutagenesis of 4-Coumarate: Coenzyme A Ligase (4CL) Involved in Coumarin Biosynthesis in Dunn. Front Plant Sci. 2017; 8:4. PMC: 5239791. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00004. View

15.

Dixon R, Paiva N . Stress-Induced Phenylpropanoid Metabolism. Plant Cell. 1995; 7(7):1085-1097. PMC: 160915. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.7.7.1085. View

16.

Dudareva N, DAuria J, Nam K, Raguso R, Pichersky E . Acetyl-CoA:benzylalcohol acetyltransferase--an enzyme involved in floral scent production in Clarkia breweri. Plant J. 1998; 14(3):297-304. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00121.x. View

17.

Wei W, Zeng R, Gu C, Qu Y, Huang L . Angelica sinensis in China-A review of botanical profile, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and chemical analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 190:116-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.023. View

18.

Hook I . Danggui to Angelica sinensis root: are potential benefits to European women lost in translation? A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 152(1):1-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.018. View

19.

Turi C, Murch S . Targeted and untargeted phytochemistry of Ligusticum canbyi: indoleamines, phthalides, antioxidant potential, and use of metabolomics as a hypothesis-generating technique for compound discovery. Planta Med. 2013; 79(14):1370-9. DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350618. View

20.

Su H, Li J, Chen S, Sun P, Xing H, Yang D . Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Provide Insight into Low Temperature Enhancing Hypericin Biosynthesis in . Molecules. 2021; 26(8). PMC: 8071384. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082294. View