DPRLR Causes Differences in Immune Responses Between Early and Late Feathering Chickens After ALV-J Infection

Overview

Journal Vet Res

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2022 Jan 9

PMID 34998433

Citations 6

Authors

Guodong Mo

Bowen Hu

Qihong Zhang

Zhuohao Ruan

Wangyu Li

Jiaying Liang

Yizi Shen

Zhixin Mo

Zihao Zhang

Zhuyue Wu

Meiqing Shi

Xiquan Zhang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

To understand the differences in immune responses between early feathering (EF) and late feathering (LF) chickens after infection with avian leukosis virus, subgroup J (ALV-J), we monitored the levels of prolactin, growth hormone and the immunoglobulins IgG and IgM in the serum of LF and EF chickens for 8 weeks. Moreover, we analysed the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and the expression of PRLR, SPEF2 and dPRLR in the immune organs and DF-1 cells by qRT-PCR. The results showed that ALV-J infection affected the expression of prolactin, growth hormone, IgG and IgM in the serum. Regardless of whether LF and EF chickens were infected with ALV-J, the serum levels of the two hormones and two immunoglobulins in EF chickens were higher than those in LF chickens (P < 0.05). However, the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen of positive LF chickens was higher than that in the spleen of positive EF chickens. In the four immune organs, PRLR and SPEF2 expression was also higher in LF chickens than in EF chickens. Furthermore, the dPRLR expression of positive LF chickens was higher than that of negative LF chickens. After infection with ALV-J, the expression of PRLR in DF-1 cells significantly increased. In addition, overexpression of PRLR or dPRLR in DF-1 cells promoted replication of ALV-J. These results suggested that the susceptibility of LF chickens to ALV-J might be induced by dPRLR.

Citing Articles

Characterization of TCRβ and IGH Repertoires in the Spleen of Two Chicken Lines with Differential ALV-J Susceptibility Under Normal and Infection Conditions.

Wang M, Zhang Q, Ju R, Xia J, Xu C, Chen W Animals (Basel). 2025; 15(3).

PMID: 39943104 PMC: 11816060. DOI: 10.3390/ani15030334.

GH inhibits ALV-J replication and restricts cell cycle by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Xia J, Lin L, Ju R, Xu C, Mo G, Zhang X Poult Sci. 2024; 104(1):104514.

PMID: 39586129 PMC: 11625326. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104514.

Repurposing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for combination therapies to combat multidrug-resistant S. aureus of bovine reproductive tract origin.

Bakht P, Ijaz M, Iqbal M, Aslam H, Rehman A Vet Res Commun. 2024; 48(3):1497-1510.

PMID: 38347266 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10322-2.

Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It?.

Fandino S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benitez L, Domenech A Animals (Basel). 2023; 13(14).

PMID: 37508135 PMC: 10376345. DOI: 10.3390/ani13142358.

Chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes the tumorigenicity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Xiang Y, Liang C, Li Q, Chen Q, Zhou Y, Zheng X Vet Res. 2022; 53(1):100.

PMID: 36461084 PMC: 9717515. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01120-2.

References

Wilkanowska A, Mazurowski A, Mroczkowski S, Kokoszynski D . Prolactin (PRL) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) genes and their role in poultry production traits. Folia Biol (Krakow). 2014; 62(1):1-8. DOI: 10.3409/fb62_1.1. View

Elferink M, Vallee A, Jungerius A, Crooijmans R, Groenen M . Partial duplication of the PRLR and SPEF2 genes at the late feathering locus in chicken. BMC Genomics. 2008; 9:391. PMC: 2542384. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-391. View

Williams S, Reed W, Bacon L, Fadly A . Response of white leghorn chickens of various genetic lines to infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J. Avian Dis. 2004; 48(1):61-7. DOI: 10.1637/7052. View

Benkel B, Chambers J, Gavora J . Screening chickens for endogenous virus ev21 viral element by the polymerase chain reaction. Poult Sci. 1994; 73(10):1612-6. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0731612. View

Bacon L, Smith E, Crittenden L, Havenstein G . Association of the slow feathering (K) and an endogenous viral (ev21) gene on the Z chromosome of chickens. Poult Sci. 1988; 67(2):191-7. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0670191. View

Wallis M . Do some viruses use growth hormone, prolactin and their receptors to facilitate entry into cells?: Episodic evolution of hormones and receptors suggests host-virus arms races; related placental lactogens may provide protective viral decoys. Bioessays. 2021; 43(4):e2000268. DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000268. View

Harrison D . The Jak/STAT pathway. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012; 4(3). PMC: 3282412. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011205. View

Iraqi F, Smith E . Determination of the zygosity of ev21-K in late-feathering male White Leghorns using the polymerase chain reaction. Poult Sci. 1994; 73(7):939-46. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0730939. View

Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang L, Wang Q, Du X, Ge L . Analysis of a genetic factors contributing to feathering phenotype in chickens. Poult Sci. 2018; 97(10):3405-3413. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey231. View

10.

Bhat G, Gupta S, Maiti B . Influence of prolactin on mitotic activity of the bursa of Fabricius of the chick. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1983; 52(3):452-5. DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(83)90185-5. View

11.

Payne L, Brown S, Bumstead N, Howes K, Frazier J, Thouless M . A novel subgroup of exogenous avian leukosis virus in chickens. J Gen Virol. 1991; 72 ( Pt 4):801-7. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-4-801. View

12.

Gao Y, Qin L, Pan W, Wang Y, Le Qi X, Gao H . Avian leukosis virus subgroup J in layer chickens, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16(10):1637-8. PMC: 3294407. DOI: 10.3201/eid1610.100780. View

13.

Payne L . Retrovirus-induced disease in poultry. Poult Sci. 1998; 77(8):1204-12. DOI: 10.1093/ps/77.8.1204. View

14.

Zhang Q, Mo G, Xie T, Zhang Z, Fu H, Wei P . Phylogenetic Analysis of ALV-J Associated with Immune Responses in Yellow Chicken Flocks in South China. Mediators Inflamm. 2021; 2021:6665871. PMC: 7886527. DOI: 10.1155/2021/6665871. View

15.

Li Z, Luo Q, Xu H, Zheng M, Abdalla B, Feng M . MiR-34b-5p Suppresses Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 () Signaling Pathway to Promote Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J (ALV-J)-Infected Cells Proliferaction and ALV-J Replication. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017; 7:17. PMC: 5276853. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00017. View

16.

Luo C, Shen X, Rao Y, Xu H, Tang J, Sun L . Differences of Z chromosome and genomic expression between early- and late-feathering chickens. Mol Biol Rep. 2012; 39(5):6283-8. DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1449-7. View

17.

. Mitogenic effect of prolactin on chicken lymphocytes in vitro. Immunol Lett. 1990; 24(3):171-7. DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(90)90044-q. View

18.

Xu B, Dong W, Yu C, He Z, Lv Y, Sun Y . Occurrence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in commercial layer flocks in China. Avian Pathol. 2003; 33(1):13-7. DOI: 10.1080/03079450310001636237a. View

19.

Griffiths C, Bilawchuk L, McDonough J, Jamieson K, Elawar F, Cen Y . IGF1R is an entry receptor for respiratory syncytial virus. Nature. 2020; 583(7817):615-619. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2369-7. View

20.

Harris D, Garwood V, Lowe P, Hester P, Crittenden L, Fadly A . Influence of sex-linked feathering phenotypes of parents and progeny upon lymphoid leukosis virus infection status and egg production. Poult Sci. 1984; 63(3):401-13. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0630401. View