Relationship Between Horizontal Condylar Angle and Radiographically Detectable Morphological Changes of the Condyle in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Patients with TMD

Overview

Journal Saudi Dent J

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2021 Dec 23

PMID 34938062

Citations 3

Authors

Wafa Alfaleh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The relationship between horizontal condylar angle (HCA) measurements and radiographically detectable morphological changes of the condyle in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is an area of controversy in dentistry.

Aim: This study sought to determine the effect of the HCA on radiographically morphological changes in the condyles of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with TMD.

Material & Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used of patients with 146 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) with and without symptoms of TMD. The reconstructed axial plane was adjusted to depict the condyle in maximum width. The HCA was established and measured as the angle formed between the condylar long axis intersecting with the coronal plane. Each condyle long axial was determined independently from the other joint by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. The average of the readings from the two examiners was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Based on the clinical symptoms, the mean of the HCA in the symptomatic joint was 27.69°, which was slightly greater than the angle measured in asymptomatic patients of 25.6°; however, this was not a statistical difference. No significant differences existed in the mean of the HCA between the joint with and without radiographic arthritic findings in both groups. In both groups, none of the arthritic findings manifested in the affected joint that had influenced the HCA.

Conclusion: The HCA was increased in the symptomatic group but had no direct influence on joint's morphological changes in the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients.

Citing Articles

The relationship between the oblique sagittal temporomandibular joint disc position and the volume surface area of the condyle in young TMD adults.

Gao Y, Luo D, Yuan M, Yang Y, Xu Z, Yang J Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024; 11:1321241.

PMID: 38188491 PMC: 10768064. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1321241.

Assessment of condylar anatomy and degenerative changes in temporomandibular joint disorders - A scoping review.

Almpani K, Tran H, Ferri A, Hung M J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2023; 13(6):764-780.

PMID: 38028230 PMC: 10665941. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.10.004.

Occlusal Splint Therapy Combined with Cranio-Temporomandibular Kinesiotherapy in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders-A CBCT Study.

Taut M, Buduru S, Talmaceanu D, Ban A, Roman R, Leucuta D Life (Basel). 2022; 12(12).

PMID: 36556507 PMC: 9787407. DOI: 10.3390/life12122143.

References

Ahmad M, Hollender L, Anderson Q, Kartha K, Ohrbach R, Truelove E . Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD): development of image analysis criteria and examiner reliability for image analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 107(6):844-60. PMC: 3139469. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.02.023. View

Zwiri A, Al-Omiri M . Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder among North Saudi University students. Cranio. 2015; 34(3):176-81. DOI: 10.1179/2151090315Y.0000000007. View

Eisenburger M, Haubitz B, Schmelzeisen R, Wolter S, Tschernitschek H . The human mandibular intercondylar angle measured by computed tomography. Arch Oral Biol. 1999; 44(11):947-51. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(99)00085-0. View

Al-Ekrish A, Al-Juhani H, Alhaidari R, Alfaleh W . Comparative study of the prevalence of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritic changes in cone beam computed tomograms of patients with or without temporomandibular disorder. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015; 120(1):78-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.04.008. View

Larheim T, Abrahamsson A, Kristensen M, Arvidsson L . Temporomandibular joint diagnostics using CBCT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2014; 44(1):20140235. PMC: 4277441. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20140235. View

Al-Khotani A, Naimi-Akbar A, Albadawi E, Ernberg M, Hedenberg-Magnusson B, Christidis N . Prevalence of diagnosed temporomandibular disorders among Saudi Arabian children and adolescents. J Headache Pain. 2016; 17:41. PMC: 4840132. DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0642-9. View

Westesson P, Bifano J, Tallents R, Hatala M . Increased horizontal angle of the mandibular condyle in abnormal temporomandibular joints. A magnetic resonance imaging study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991; 72(3):359-63. DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(91)90233-3. View

Honda K, Larheim T, Maruhashi K, Matsumoto K, Iwai K . Osseous abnormalities of the mandibular condyle: diagnostic reliability of cone beam computed tomography compared with helical computed tomography based on an autopsy material. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006; 35(3):152-7. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/15831361. View

McNeill C . History and evolution of TMD concepts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997; 83(1):51-60. DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(97)90091-3. View

10.

Tsiklakis K, Syriopoulos K, Stamatakis H . Radiographic examination of the temporomandibular joint using cone beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004; 33(3):196-201. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/27403192. View

11.

Wang X, Zhang J, Gan Y, Zhou Y . Current understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of TMJ osteoarthritis. J Dent Res. 2015; 94(5):666-73. DOI: 10.1177/0022034515574770. View

12.

Sulun T, Akkayan B, Duc J, Rammelsberg P, Tuncer N, Gernet W . Axial condyle morphology and horizontal condylar angle in patients with internal derangement compared to asymptomatic volunteers. Cranio. 2001; 19(4):237-45. DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2001.11746174. View

13.

Tanaka E, Detamore M, Mercuri L . Degenerative disorders of the temporomandibular joint: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Dent Res. 2008; 87(4):296-307. DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700406. View

14.

Al-Rawi N, Uthman A, Sodeify S . Spatial analysis of mandibular condyles in patients with temporomandibular disorders and normal controls using cone beam computed tomography. Eur J Dent. 2017; 11(1):99-105. PMC: 5379844. DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_202_16. View

15.

Patel A, Tee B, Fields H, Jones E, Chaudhry J, Sun Z . Evaluation of cone-beam computed tomography in the diagnosis of simulated small osseous defects in the mandibular condyle. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014; 145(2):143-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.10.014. View

16.

Lee P, Stanton A, Hollender L . Greater mandibular horizontal condylar angle is associated with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017; 123(4):502-507. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.12.008. View

17.

Dworkin S, LeResche L . Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord. 1992; 6(4):301-55. View

18.

Sato H, Fujii T, Kitamori H . The clinical significance of the horizontal condylar angle in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Cranio. 1997; 15(3):229-35. DOI: 10.1080/08869634.1997.11746016. View

19.

Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, Look J, Anderson G, Goulet J . Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group†. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2014; 28(1):6-27. PMC: 4478082. DOI: 10.11607/jop.1151. View