Chitosan Gel Prevents the Growth of , and in Mini-implant During Orthodontic Treatment

Overview

Journal Saudi Dent J

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2021 Dec 23

PMID 34938045

Citations 1

Authors

Haru Setyo Anggani

Victoria Rusli

Endang W Bachtiar

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aims: We evaluated the effect of chitosan gel on total oral bacteria, , , and , during orthodontic treatment with mini-implants.

Material And Methods: Thirty subjects with 52 orthodontic mini-implants were divided into three groups: one group was treated with chitosan gel, the other group with chlorhexidine gel, and the control group with placebo. The plaque of the orthodontic -mini-implant area was collected before and after gel treatment. The total oral bacteria and bacteria of , , and were determined with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.

Results: Thirty-four orthodontic mini-implants (65.38%) appeared as healthy and showed no clinical signs of inflammation. The total number of bacteria was reduced after chitosan gel application. The highest decrease in the proportion of was observed in the chlorhexidine gel application group, which showed a value of 70.86%, whereas the chitosan gel application showed a reduction of only 26.59%, and the control gel application showed the lowest reduction effect of only 2.55%. The difference in the reduction between gel application groups was significant (P < 0.05) for and .

Conclusion: The gel containing chitosan reduced the levels of total oral bacteria and bacteria.

Citing Articles

Antibacterial efficacy, calcium ion release, and pH using calcium hydroxide with three vehicles.

Ratih D, Mulyawati E, Fajrianti H J Conserv Dent. 2022; 25(5):515-520.

PMID: 36506629 PMC: 9733545. DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_242_22.

References

Ikono R, Li N, Pratama N, Vibriani A, Yuniarni D, Luthfansyah M . Enhanced bone regeneration capability of chitosan sponge coated with TiO nanoparticles. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2019; 24:e00350. PMC: 6606563. DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00350. View

Russell A, Day M . Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine. J Hosp Infect. 1993; 25(4):229-38. DOI: 10.1016/0195-6701(93)90109-d. View

Sato R, Sato T, Takahashi I, Sugawara J, Takahashi N . Profiling of bacterial flora in crevices around titanium orthodontic anchor plates. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007; 18(1):21-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01294.x. View

Ikono R, Vibriani A, Wibowo I, Saputro K, Muliawan W, Bachtiar B . Nanochitosan antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms. BMC Res Notes. 2019; 12(1):383. PMC: 6613267. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4422-x. View

Al-Bazi S, Abbassy M, Bakry A, Merdad L, Hassan A . Effects of chlorhexidine (gel) application on bacterial levels and orthodontic brackets during orthodontic treatment. J Oral Sci. 2016; 58(1):35-42. DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.58.35. View

Mohammadi Z . Chlorhexidine gluconate, its properties and applications in endodontics. Iran Endod J. 2013; 2(4):113-25. PMC: 3834637. View

Restrepo M, Bussaneli D, Jeremias F, Cordeiro R, Magalhaes A, Spolidorio D . Control of white spot lesion adjacent to orthodontic bracket with use of fluoride varnish or chlorhexidine gel. ScientificWorldJournal. 2015; 2015:218452. PMC: 4417997. DOI: 10.1155/2015/218452. View

Waibel K, Haney B, Moore M, Whisman B, Gomez R . Safety of chitosan bandages in shellfish allergic patients. Mil Med. 2011; 176(10):1153-6. DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-11-00150. View

Freitas A, Alviano C, Alviano D, Siqueira Jr J, Issamu Nojima L, da Cunha Goncalves Nojima M . Microbial colonization in orthodontic mini-implants. Braz Dent J. 2012; 23(4):422-7. DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000400019. View

10.

Miyawaki S, Koyama I, Inoue M, Mishima K, Sugahara T, Takano-Yamamoto T . Factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed in the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 124(4):373-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0889-5406(03)00565-1. View

11.

Bachtiar E, Bachtiar B . Relationship between and in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR. F1000Res. 2019; 7:1645. PMC: 6221075. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16275.2. View

12.

Oltramari-Navarro P, Titarelli J, Avansini Marsicano J, Henriques J, Janson G, Lauris J . Effectiveness of 0.50% and 0.75% chlorhexidine dentifrices in orthodontic patients: a double-blind and randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 136(5):651-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.01.017. View

13.

Bachtiar E, Soejoedono R, Bachtiar B, Henrietta A, Farhana N, Yuniastuti M . Effects of soybean milk, chitosan, and anti-Streptococcus mutans IgY in malnourished rats' dental biofilm and the IgY persistency in saliva. Interv Med Appl Sci. 2015; 7(3):118-23. PMC: 4609024. DOI: 10.1556/1646.7.2015.3.6. View

14.

Apel S, Apel C, Morea C, Tortamano A, Dominguez G, Conrads G . Microflora associated with successful and failed orthodontic mini-implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009; 20(11):1186-90. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01756.x. View

15.

Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Hirofuji T . Mixed red-complex bacterial infection in periodontitis. Int J Dent. 2013; 2013:587279. PMC: 3606728. DOI: 10.1155/2013/587279. View

16.

Bachtiar B, Bachtiar E . Proinflammatory MG-63 cells response infection with Enterococcus faecalis cps2 evaluated by the expression of TLR-2, IL-1β, and iNOS mRNA. BMC Res Notes. 2017; 10(1):401. PMC: 5553915. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2740-4. View

17.

Akncbay H, Senel S, Ay Z . Application of chitosan gel in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2006; 80(2):290-6. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30596. View

18.

Bachtiar E, Amir L, Suhardi P, Abas B . Scaffold degradation during bone tissue reconstruction in mandible. Interv Med Appl Sci. 2017; 8(2):77-81. PMC: 5370354. DOI: 10.1556/1646.8.2016.2.5. View