A Green and Scalable Synthesis of Na Fe (PO )P O /rGO Cathode for High-Rate and Long-Life Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion battery has been considered as one of the most promising power sources for large-scale energy storage systems due to its similar electrochemistry to the lithium-ion battery and the crust abundance of Na resources. Essentially, developing low-cost electrode materials along with a facile and economical synthesis procedure is critically important to promote the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries. However, applicable cathode materials capable of being massively produced are still scarcely reported to date. Herein, a green and scalable synthesis approach is developed to obtain Na Fe (PO )P O (NFPP)/rGO composite by using FePO and Na PO as the resources, during which all the atoms present in the starting materials end up in the product. The prepared Na Fe (PO )P O /rGO cathode exhibits an ultralong cycle life (capacity retention of 72.4% after 8000 cycles at 20 C) and outstanding rate capability (42.4 mAh g at 100 C). In particular, the NFPP/rGO-HC full battery assembled by the Na Fe (PO )P O /rGO cathode and hard carbon anode demonstrates an energy density of 192 Wh kg and superior cycling performance (capacity retention of 85.2% after 500 cycles). These results will contribute to the development of sodium-ion batteries from applicable Na Fe (PO )P O /rGO cathode material.