Comparing the Effects of Rosemary Extract and Treadmill Exercise on the Hippocampal Function and Antioxidant Capacity in Old Rats

Overview

Journal Basic Clin Neurosci

Specialty Neurology

Date 2021 Dec 17

PMID 34917295

Citations 1

Authors

Homa Rasoolijazi

Sattar Norouzi Ofogh

Shima Ababzadeh

Mehdi Mehdizadeh

Fatemeh Shabkhiz

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: A sequence of time-dependent changes can affect the brain's functional capacity.This study aimed at investigating the effects of Forced Aerobic Exercise (FAE) versus the Rosemary Extract (RE) on the learning abilities and oxidative stress modulation in rats.

Methods: Young and old rats received daily FAE and RE for 3 months. Using the Passive Avoidance (PA) test, we evaluated the learning and memory of the rats by Step-Through Latency (STL) score. We measured the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CATA), Malondialdehyde (MDA) enzymes levels, and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in the hippocampus.

Results: FAE could significantly increase the STL score (P<0.001) among old rats similar to the rosemary extract consumption. The SOD, GPx, and CATA enzyme activities and the level of TAC significantly increased by the treatments (exercise: P<0.001 for SOD and TAC and P<0.05 for CATA, exercise/rosemary: P<0.001 for all enzymes, and rosemary: P<0.01 for SOD and TAC). Furthermore, the MDA level significantly decreased by the treatments (exercise and exercise/rosemary: P<0.001, rosemary: P<0.01). The partial Pearson test revealed the significant positive correlations between the score of STL (day 2) with the SOD (P<0.01) and TAC (P<0.05) levels and negative correlations between the MDA level and STL score in both days (P<0.05 for the first day and P<0.001 for the second day).

Conclusion: Similar to the rosemary extract, FAE could increase the working memory and antioxidants activity in old rats in 3 months.

Citing Articles

Exercise alleviates cisplatin-induced toxicity in the hippocampus of mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation and improving synaptic plasticity.

Park S, Ko J, Han J Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2024; 28(2):145-152.

PMID: 38414397 PMC: 10902592. DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2024.28.2.145.

References

Head E . Oxidative damage and cognitive dysfunction: antioxidant treatments to promote healthy brain aging. Neurochem Res. 2008; 34(4):670-8. PMC: 4392815. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9808-4. View

Park D, Lautenschlager G, Hedden T, Davidson N, Smith A, Smith P . Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychol Aging. 2002; 17(2):299-320. View

Kim S, Ko I, Kim B, Shin M, Cho S, Kim C . Treadmill exercise prevents aging-induced failure of memory through an increase in neurogenesis and suppression of apoptosis in rat hippocampus. Exp Gerontol. 2010; 45(5):357-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.02.005. View

Marosi K, Bori Z, Hart N, Sarga L, Koltai E, Radak Z . Long-term exercise treatment reduces oxidative stress in the hippocampus of aging rats. Neuroscience. 2012; 226:21-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.001. View

Rasoolijazi H, Mehdizadeh M, Soleimani M, Nikbakhte F, Farsani M, Ababzadeh S . The effect of rosemary extract on spatial memory, learning and antioxidant enzymes activities in the hippocampus of middle-aged rats. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2015; 29:187. PMC: 4431423. View

van Praag H, Christie B, Sejnowski T, Gage F . Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96(23):13427-31. PMC: 23964. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13427. View

Wheeler C, Salzman J, Elsayed N, Omaye S, Korte Jr D . Automated assays for superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. Anal Biochem. 1990; 184(2):193-9. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(90)90668-y. View

de Oliveira M . Carnosic Acid as a Promising Agent in Protecting Mitochondria of Brain Cells. Mol Neurobiol. 2018; 55(8):6687-6699. DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0842-6. View

Naderali E, Nikbakht F, Norouzi Ofogh S, Rasoolijazi H . The role of rosemary extract in degeneration of hippocampal neurons induced by kainic acid in the rat: A behavioral and histochemical approach. J Integr Neurosci. 2018; 17(1):19-25. DOI: 10.31083/JIN-170035. View

10.

Miller N, Davies M, Gopinathan V, Milner A . A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clin Sci (Lond). 1993; 84(4):407-12. DOI: 10.1042/cs0840407. View

11.

Rasoolijazi H, Azad N, Joghataei M, Kerdari M, Nikbakht F, Soleimani M . The protective role of carnosic acid against beta-amyloid toxicity in rats. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013; 2013:917082. PMC: 3864083. DOI: 10.1155/2013/917082. View

12.

Drapeau E, Mayo W, Aurousseau C, Moal M, Piazza P, Abrous D . Spatial memory performances of aged rats in the water maze predict levels of hippocampal neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(24):14385-90. PMC: 283601. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2334169100. View

13.

Zhu Y, Demidov O, Goh A, Virshup D, Lane D, Bulavin D . Phosphatase WIP1 regulates adult neurogenesis and WNT signaling during aging. J Clin Invest. 2014; 124(7):3263-73. PMC: 4071391. DOI: 10.1172/JCI73015. View

14.

Perry N, Menzies R, Hodgson F, Wedgewood P, Howes M, Brooker H . A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial of a combined extract of sage, rosemary and melissa, traditional herbal medicines, on the enhancement of memory in normal healthy subjects, including influence of age. Phytomedicine. 2018; 39:42-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.015. View

15.

Rovio S, Kareholt I, Helkala E, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Tuomilehto J . Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2005; 4(11):705-11. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70198-8. View

16.

Hirsh R . The hippocampus and contextual retrieval of information from memory: a theory. Behav Biol. 1974; 12(4):421-44. DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(74)92231-7. View

17.

Azad N, Rasoolijazi H, Joghataie M, Soleimani S . Neuroprotective effects of carnosic Acid in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. Cell J. 2013; 13(1):39-44. PMC: 3652539. View

18.

Perez R, Lopez M, Barja de Quiroga G . Aging and lung antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation in the rat. Free Radic Biol Med. 1991; 10(1):35-9. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(91)90019-y. View

19.

Asha Devi S, Ravi Kiran T . Regional responses in antioxidant system to exercise training and dietary vitamin E in aging rat brain. Neurobiol Aging. 2004; 25(4):501-8. DOI: 10.1016/S0197-4580(03)00112-X. View

20.

Rikans L, Hornbrook K . Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant protection and aging. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998; 1362(2-3):116-27. DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(97)00067-7. View