Circulating Superoxide Dismutase Concentrations in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is characterized by a pro-oxidant state that results from the recurrent hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme involved in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, could represent a reliable marker to monitor the antioxidant defences in OSA. In order to capture and critically appraise the available evidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting SOD concentrations in OSA patients and non-OSA controls in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. In total, 13 studies in 847 OSA patients and 438 non-OSA controls were included in the meta-analysis. Blood SOD concentrations were significantly lower in OSA patients (SMD = 0.87, < 0.001). By contrast, serum/plasma SOD concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. Although extreme between-study heterogeneity was observed, the SMD was not substantially modified when individual studies were sequentially removed. In conclusion, we observed that whole blood, but not serum/plasma, SOD concentrations were significantly lower in OSA patients compared with controls. Our meta-analysis suggests an impaired antioxidant defence in OSA that is more robustly assessed in the corpuscular biological matrix and provides useful background information for further studies investigating the association between SOD changes and clinical status in OSA.