Antibodies Specific to SARS-CoV-2 Proteins N, S and E in COVID-19 Patients in the Normal Population and in Historical Samples

Overview

Journal J Gen Virol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2021 Nov 24

PMID 34816794

Citations 14

Authors

Aleksander Szymczak

Natalia Jedruchniewicz

Alessandro Torelli

Agata Kaczmarzyk-Radka

Rosa Coluccio

Marlena Klak

Andrzej Konieczny

Stanislaw Ferenc

Wojciech Witkiewicz

Emanuele Montomoli

Paulina Miernikiewicz

Remigiusz Bachor

Krystyna Dabrowska

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally; recognition of immune responses to this virus will be crucial for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control, prevention and treatment. We comprehensively analysed IgG and IgA antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N), spike protein domain 1 (S1) and envelope protein (E) in: SARS-CoV-2-infected patient, healthy, historical and pre-epidemic samples, including patients' medical, epidemiological and diagnostic data, virus-neutralizing capability and kinetics. N-specific IgG and IgA are the most reliable diagnostic targets for infection. Serum IgG levels correlate to IgA levels. Half a year after infection, anti-N and anti-S1 IgG decreased, but sera preserved virus-inhibitory potency; thus, testing for IgG may underestimate the protective potential of antibodies. Historical and pre-epidemic sera did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2, thus its circulation before the pandemic and a protective role from antibodies pre-induced by other coronaviruses cannot be confirmed by this study.

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