The Role of Feature-based Radiomics for Predicting Response and Radiation Injury After Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: A Critical Review by the Young Group of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (yAIRO)

Introduction: differential diagnosis of tumor recurrence and radiation injury after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is challenging. The advances in imaging techniques and feature-based radiomics could aid to discriminate radionecrosis from progression.

Methods: we performed a systematic review of current literature, key references were obtained from a PubMed query. Data extraction was performed by 3 researchers and disagreements were resolved with a discussion among the authors.

Results: we identified 15 retrospective series, one prospective trial, one critical review and one editorial paper. Radiomics involves a wide range of imaging features referred to necrotic regions, rate of contrast-enhancing area or the measure of edema surrounding the metastases. Features were mainly defined through a multistep extraction/reduction/selection process and a final validation and comparison.

Conclusions: feature-based radiomics has an optimal potential to accurately predict response and radionecrosis after SRT of BM and facilitate differential diagnosis. Further validation studies are eagerly awaited to confirm radiomics reliability.