Evaluation of Immunochromatography Test for Detection of Four Enteropathogens in the Feces of Sheep and Goats in Kuwait

Overview

Journal Open Vet J

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2021 Nov 1

PMID 34722215

Authors

Maha S AlAzemi

Qais A H Majeed

Attia Samy

Adawia A Henedi

Wessam Youssef

Nadra-Elwgoud M I Abdou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea in newborn small ruminants continues to be the cause of significant financial loss in sheep and goat farms worldwide. Commercial immunochromatographic (IC) assays have been designed and evaluated to be used for the diagnosis of diarrhea in cattle; however, there are no trials to use rapid tests in small ruminants.

Aim: This study was carried out in Kuwait to evaluate the performance of the rapid immunochromatography test (BoviD-4, BioNote, Inc, Korea) for diagnostics of , rotavirus A (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and K99 ( K99) in fecal samples of sheep and goats.

Methods: A total of 85 samples were examined using BoviD-4, and the results were compared with that of polymerase chain reaction for , RVA, and BCoV, whereas for K99 it was by isolation and identification as reference tests.

Results: The kappa test agreement results between the BoviD-4 and reference tests were 0.870 (perfect), 0.783 (substantial), 0.728 (substantial), and 0.281 (fair) for the detection of K99, , RVA, and BCoV, respectively. The sensitivity of BoviD-4 kit was 91.2%, 80.0%, 90.0%, and 37.5% and the specificity was 88.2%, 96.0%, 96.4%, and 92.2% for , RVA, K99, and BCoV, respectively.

Conclusion: The Bovid-4 kit can be used as a rapid pen-side test for spp., K99, and RVA in the field. Nonetheless, care must be taken while interpreting the BCoV results of the kit.

References

Traven M, Carlsson U, Lunden A, Larsson B . Serum antibodies to bovine coronavirus in Swedish sheep. Acta Vet Scand. 1999; 40(1):69-74. PMC: 8043158. View

Abdou N, Majeed Q, El-Azazy O, Tahrani L, AlAzemi M, Alajmi A . Risk factors of diarrhea in small ruminants in Kuwait. Iran J Vet Res. 2021; 22(2):146-149. PMC: 8294814. DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.38092.5546. View

Soltan M, Tsai Y, Lee P, Tsai C, Chang H, Wang H . Comparison of electron microscopy, ELISA, real time RT-PCR and insulated isothermal RT-PCR for the detection of Rotavirus group A (RVA) in feces of different animal species. J Virol Methods. 2016; 235:99-104. PMC: 7113751. DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.05.006. View

Dhama K, Chauhan R, Mahendran M, Malik S . Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals. Vet Res Commun. 2008; 33(1):1-23. PMC: 7088678. DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9070-x. View

Bartels C, Holzhauer M, Jorritsma R, Swart W, Lam T . Prevalence, prediction and risk factors of enteropathogens in normal and non-normal faeces of young Dutch dairy calves. Prev Vet Med. 2009; 93(2-3):162-9. PMC: 7125667. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.09.020. View

Agnamey P, Sarfati C, Pinel C, Rabodoniriina M, Kapel N, Dutoit E . Evaluation of four commercial rapid immunochromatographic assays for detection of Cryptosporidium antigens in stool samples: a blind multicenter trial. J Clin Microbiol. 2011; 49(4):1605-7. PMC: 3122847. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02074-10. View

Majeed Q, El-Azazy O, Abdou N, Al-Aal Z, El-Kabbany A, Tahrani L . Epidemiological observations on cryptosporidiosis and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep and goats in Kuwait. Parasitol Res. 2018; 117(5):1631-1636. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5847-1. View

Amer H . Bovine-like coronaviruses in domestic and wild ruminants. Anim Health Res Rev. 2019; 19(2):113-124. PMC: 7108644. DOI: 10.1017/S1466252318000117. View

Klein D, Kern A, Lapan G, Benetka V, Mostl K, Hassl A . Evaluation of rapid assays for the detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus A and Cryptosporidium parvum in faecal samples of calves. Vet J. 2008; 182(3):484-6. PMC: 7110451. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.07.016. View

10.

Martella V, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C . Enteric viral infections in lambs or kids. Vet Microbiol. 2015; 181(1-2):154-60. PMC: 7131559. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.006. View

11.

Ahmed N, Chowdhary A . Comparison of different methods of detection of enteric pathogenic protozoa. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2013; 31(2):154-60. DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.115242. View

12.

Garcia L, Shimizu R, Novak S, Carroll M, Chan F . Commercial assay for detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum antigens in human fecal specimens by rapid solid-phase qualitative immunochromatography. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41(1):209-12. PMC: 149610. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.1.209-212.2003. View

13.

Stensvold C, Nielsen H . Comparison of microscopy and PCR for detection of intestinal parasites in Danish patients supports an incentive for molecular screening platforms. J Clin Microbiol. 2011; 50(2):540-1. PMC: 3264173. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.06012-11. View

14.

Papp H, Malik Y, Farkas S, Jakab F, Martella V, Banyai K . Rotavirus strains in neglected animal species including lambs, goats and camelids. Virusdisease. 2015; 25(2):215-22. PMC: 4188177. DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0203-2. View

15.

Shabana I, Bouqellah N, Zaraket H . Investigation of viral and bacterial enteropathogens of diarrheic sheep and goats in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Trop Biomed. 2021; 34(4):944-955. View

16.

Cheun H, Chung B, Ma D, Goo B, Cho S, Ji M . Development of a Diagnostic Kit to Detect Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013; 4(3):146-51. PMC: 3787530. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2013.04.006. View

17.

Helmy Y, Krucken J, Nockler K, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Zessin K . Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in livestock animals and humans in the Ismailia province of Egypt. Vet Parasitol. 2013; 193(1-3):15-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.015. View

18.

Cho Y, Sun D, Cooper V, Dewell G, Schwartz K, Yoon K . Evaluation of a commercial rapid test kit for detecting bovine enteric pathogens in feces. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2012; 24(3):559-62. DOI: 10.1177/1040638712440997. View

19.

Shabana I, Zaraket H, Suzuki H . Molecular studies on diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli isolated from humans and animals in Egypt. Vet Microbiol. 2013; 167(3-4):532-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.014. View

20.

Mackenzie A, Lebel P, Orrbine E, Rowe P, Hyde L, Chan F . Sensitivities and specificities of premier E. coli O157 and premier EHEC enzyme immunoassays for diagnosis of infection with verotxin (Shiga-like toxin)-producing Escherichia coli. The SYNSORB Pk Study investigators. J Clin Microbiol. 1998; 36(6):1608-11. PMC: 104886. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.36.6.1608-1611.1998. View