Canine Distemper Virus and Canine Adenovirus Type-2 Infections in Neotropical Otters (Lontra Longicaudis) from Southern Brazil

All descriptions of infectious diseases affecting otters were published in the Northern Hemisphere, with no occurrence identified in neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis). Consequently, a retrospective histopathological study using archival tissue samples from six free-living neotropical otters was done to investigate the possible occurrence of disease patterns associated with common viral infectious disease agents of the domestic dogs. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were designed to identify intralesional tissue antigens of canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) and canine adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2). The most frequent histopathological patterns diagnosed were interstitial pneumonia (83.33%; 6/5) and hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration (50%; 3/6). IHC identified intralesional intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity to CDV antigens in all otters evaluated, with positive immunolabeling occurring within epithelial cells of the lungs, stomach, kidneys, and liver, and skin. Intracytoplasmic CAdV-2 antigens were identified within epithelial cells of the peribronchial glands in four otters with interstitial pneumonia. These findings resulted in singular and simultaneous infections in these neotropical otters, represented the first report of concomitant infections by CDV and CAdV-2 in free-living neotropical otters from the Southern Hemisphere, and suggested that this mammalian species is susceptible to infections by viral disease agents common to the domestic dogs and may develop similar histopathologic disease patterns.