[Ex Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Melanocytic Lesions and Autoimmune Diseases]

Overview

Journal Hautarzt

Specialty Dermatology

Date 2021 Oct 27

PMID 34705067

Citations 1

Authors

D Hartmann

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) enables bedside histology and offers the surgeon a direct intraoperative tissue examination.

Objectives: To determine whether this innovative, ultra-fast diagnostic tool can be expanded beyond nonmelanoma skin cancer, particularly basal cell carcinoma, to other indications including melanocytic lesions and autoimmune diseases.

Materials And Methods: Review of literature and summary of the current knowledge and experience of the use of ex vivo CLSM in melanocytic lesions and in autoimmune diseases.

Results: Up to date experience of the use of ex vivo CLSM in melanocytic lesions and in autoimmune diseases is limited but promising. Current knowledge on melanocytic lesions in ex vivo CLSM and their examples together with classic ex vivo CLSM features are presented. Previous results on the use of ex vivo CLSM in autoimmune dermatoses are presented, and future application possibilities of ex vivo CLSM are discussed.

Conclusions: The method is particularly suitable for the rapid examination of basal cell carcinomas during Mohs surgery but could also be used in the future for the intraoperative examination of melanocytic and autoimmune skin lesions.

Citing Articles

Ex Vivo Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy for Intraoperative Examinations of Lung Tumors as Alternative to Frozen Sections-A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Kamm M, Hildebrandt F, Titze B, Hoink A, Vorwerk H, Sievert K Cancers (Basel). 2024; 16(12).

PMID: 38927926 PMC: 11202023. DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122221.

References

Hartmann D, Ruini C, Mathemeier L, Dietrich A, Ruzicka T, von Braunmuhl T . Identification of ex-vivo confocal scanning microscopic features and their histological correlates in human skin. J Biophotonics. 2015; 9(4):376-87. DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500124. View

Maier T, Sattler E, Braun-Falco M, Korting H, Ruzicka T, Berking C . Reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of partially and completely amelanotic melanoma: report on seven cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012; 27(1):e42-52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04465.x. View

Sattler E, Maier T, Hoffmann V, Hegyi J, Ruzicka T, Berking C . Noninvasive in vivo detection and quantification of Demodex mites by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Br J Dermatol. 2012; 167(5):1042-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11096.x. View

Longo C, Casari A, Beretti F, Cesinaro A, Pellacani G . Skin aging: in vivo microscopic assessment of epidermal and dermal changes by means of confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011; 68(3):e73-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.08.021. View

Ulrich M, Maltusch A, Rowert-Huber J, Gonzalez S, Sterry W, Stockfleth E . Actinic keratoses: non-invasive diagnosis for field cancerisation. Br J Dermatol. 2007; 156 Suppl 3:13-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07865.x. View

Pellacani G, Scope A, Ferrari B, Pupelli G, Bassoli S, Longo C . New insights into nevogenesis: in vivo characterization and follow-up of melanocytic nevi by reflectance confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009; 61(6):1001-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.04.018. View

Ardigo M, Cota C, Berardesca E, Gonzalez S . Concordance between in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and histology in the evaluation of plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009; 23(6):660-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03134.x. View

Longo C, Casari A, De Pace B, Simonazzi S, Mazzaglia G, Pellacani G . Proposal for an in vivo histopathologic scoring system for skin aging by means of confocal microscopy. Skin Res Technol. 2012; 19(1):e167-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00623.x. View

Ulrich M, Lange-Asschenfeldt S, Gonzalez S . The use of reflectance confocal microscopy for monitoring response to therapy of skin malignancies. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2013; 2(2):202a10. PMC: 3663336. DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0202a10. View

10.

Manfredini M, Mazzaglia G, Ciardo S, Farnetani F, Mandel V, Longo C . Acne: in vivo morphologic study of lesions and surrounding skin by means of reflectance confocal microscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014; 29(5):933-9. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12730. View

11.

Rajadhyaksha M, Grossman M, Esterowitz D, Webb R, Anderson R . In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin: melanin provides strong contrast. J Invest Dermatol. 1995; 104(6):946-52. DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12606215. View

12.

Rajadhyaksha M, Gonzalez S, Zavislan J, Anderson R, Webb R . In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin II: advances in instrumentation and comparison with histology. J Invest Dermatol. 1999; 113(3):293-303. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00690.x. View

13.

Pellacani G, Farnetani F, Gonzalez S, Longo C, Cesinaro A, Casari A . In vivo confocal microscopy for detection and grading of dysplastic nevi: a pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011; 66(3):e109-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.05.017. View

14.

Ulrich M, Lange-Asschenfeldt S, Gonzalez S . Clinical applicability of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy in dermatology. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2012; 147(2):171-8. View

15.

Longo C, Farnetani F, Ciardo S, Cesinaro A, Moscarella E, Ponti G . Is confocal microscopy a valuable tool in diagnosing nodular lesions? A study of 140 cases. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 169(1):58-67. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12259. View

16.

Pellacani G, Pepe P, Casari A, Longo C . Reflectance confocal microscopy as a second-level examination in skin oncology improves diagnostic accuracy and saves unnecessary excisions: a longitudinal prospective study. Br J Dermatol. 2014; 171(5):1044-51. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13148. View

17.

Hoogedoorn L, Peppelman M, van de Kerkhof P, van Erp P, Gerritsen M . The value of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory and infectious skin diseases: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2014; 172(5):1222-48. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13499. View

18.

Longo C, Lallas A, Kyrgidis A, Rabinovitz H, Moscarella E, Ciardo S . Classifying distinct basal cell carcinoma subtype by means of dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014; 71(4):716-724.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.04.067. View

19.

Segura S, Puig S, Carrera C, Palou J, Malvehy J . Development of a two-step method for the diagnosis of melanoma by reflectance confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009; 61(2):216-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.02.014. View

20.

Guitera P, Menzies S, Longo C, Cesinaro A, Scolyer R, Pellacani G . In vivo confocal microscopy for diagnosis of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma using a two-step method: analysis of 710 consecutive clinically equivocal cases. J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132(10):2386-2394. DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.172. View