Functionality of the Putative Surface Glycoproteins of the Wuhan Spiny Eel Influenza Virus

Overview

Journal Nat Commun

Specialty Biology

Date 2021 Oct 26

PMID 34697321

Citations 9

Authors

Guha Asthagiri Arunkumar

Disha Bhavsar

Tiehai Li

Shirin Strohmeier

Veronika Chromikova

Fatima Amanat

Mehman Bunyatov

Patrick C Wilson

Ali H Ellebedy

Geert-Jan Boons

Viviana Simon

Robert P de Vries

Florian Krammer

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

A panel of influenza virus-like sequences were recently documented in fish and amphibians. Of these, the Wuhan spiny eel influenza virus (WSEIV) was found to phylogenetically cluster with influenza B viruses as a sister clade. Influenza B viruses have been documented to circulate only in humans, with certain virus isolates found in harbor seals. It is therefore interesting that a similar virus was potentially found in fish. Here we characterize the putative hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface glycoproteins of the WSEIV. Functionally, we show that the WSEIV NA-like protein has sialidase activity comparable to B/Malaysia/2506/2004 influenza B virus NA, making it a bona fide neuraminidase that is sensitive to NA inhibitors. We tested the functionality of the HA by addressing the receptor specificity, stability, preferential airway protease cleavage, and fusogenicity. We show highly specific binding to monosialic ganglioside 2 (GM2) and fusogenicity at a range of different pH conditions. In addition, we found limited antigenic conservation of the WSEIV HA and NA relative to the B/Malaysia/2506/2004 virus HA and NA. In summary, we perform a functional and antigenic characterization of the glycoproteins of WSEIV to assess if it is indeed a bona fide influenza virus potentially circulating in ray-finned fish.

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