Biomarkers in Small Intestine NETs and Carcinoid Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Overview

Journal Biology (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biology

Date 2021 Oct 23

PMID 34681049

Citations 5

Authors

Markos Kalligeros

Leonidas Diamantopoulos

Christos Toumpanakis

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Biomarkers remain a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Traditional monoanalyte biomarkers such as Chromogranin A (CgA) and 5-Hydrocyondoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been widely used for many years as diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the field of NETs. However, the clinical utility of these molecules often has limitations, mainly inherent to the heterogeneity of NETs and the fact that these tumors can often be non-secretory. The development of new molecular multianalyte biomarkers, especially the mRNA transcript based "NETest", has rapidly evolve the field and gives the ability for a "liquid biopsy" which can reliably assess disease status in real time. In this review we discuss the use of established and novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of small intestine NETs and carcinoid heart disease.

Citing Articles

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