The Association Between Long-term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Glaucoma: A Nation-wide Epidemiological Study Among Chinese Adults
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Background: A growing body of evidence has confirmed the association between fine particulate matter (PM) and ocular diseases, but little is known on the effect of long-term PM exposure on glaucoma.
Methods: A national cross-sectional study of the Rural Epidemiology for Glaucoma was conducted in 10 provinces of China, and 33,701 adults aged 40 years or more were included. A satellite-based model at 1-km resolution level was used to estimate PM concentrations which were assigned to each participant according to geocoded home addresses. Logistic regression model was performed to investigate associations of long-term PM exposure with glaucoma and its subtypes.
Results: Estimated PM concentrations ranged from 28.0 to 96.4 μg/m. For each 10 μg/m increment in PM, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.07 (95% CI: 1.00-1.15) and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.02-1.26) for glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), respectively. A positive but non-significant association (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.92-1.18) was detected between long-term exposure to PM and odds of primary open-angle glaucoma. The middle aged residents and non-smokers were more sensitive to the adverse effects of PM.
Conclusions: Long-term PM exposure was associated with glaucoma and PACG in Chinese adults, which provided new insights on adverse ophthalmic effect of PM.
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