Ophthalmology Going Greener: A Narrative Review
Overview
Affiliations
The combined effects of fossil fuel combustion, mass agricultural production and deforestation, industrialisation and the evolution of modern transport systems have resulted in high levels of carbon emissions and accumulation of greenhouse gases, causing profound climate change and ozone layer depletion. The consequential depletion of Earth's natural ecosystems and biodiversity is not only a devastating loss but a threat to human health. Sustainability-the ability to continue activities indefinitely-underpins the principal solutions to these problems. Globally, the healthcare sector is a major contributor to carbon emissions, with waste production and transport systems being amongst the highest contributing factors. The aim of this review is to explore modalities by which the healthcare sector, particularly ophthalmology, can reduce carbon emissions, related costs and overall environmental impact, whilst maintaining a high standard of patient care.
Patients' perspective on the environmental impact of the severe dry eye disease healthcare pathway.
Latham S, Boddy L, McClay T, Airaldi M, Borgia A, Cordos A Eye (Lond). 2025; .
PMID: 40089624 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-025-03747-9.
AlHilali S, Bin Helayel H, Al-Swailem S Clin Ophthalmol. 2025; 19:713-720.
PMID: 40034213 PMC: 11874953. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S511472.
Primary Eyecare Glaucoma Service (PEGS): a mixed methods service evaluation.
Dinsdale M, Fenerty C, Craven W, Ireland R, Gunn P, Hilton R Eye (Lond). 2024; 38(18):3481-3487.
PMID: 39358440 PMC: 11621407. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03335-3.
Greener intravitreal injections: a narrative review.
Ong A, Birtel J, Charbel Issa P Eye (Lond). 2024; 38(15):2874-2879.
PMID: 38914720 PMC: 11461839. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03185-z.
Rani P, Khanna R, Ravindrane R, Yeleswarapu S, Panaganti A, Thakur V Eye (Lond). 2024; 38(11):2203-2208.
PMID: 38253864 PMC: 11269633. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02934-4.