High Frequency and Low Intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Smoking Cessation

Overview

Journal J Addict

Date 2021 Sep 30

PMID 34589245

Authors

Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodriguez

Carlos A Chavez-Castillo

Alma E Rios-Ponce

Gabriel Villafuerte

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Tobacco consumption is one of the main causes of mortality in the world. Because of its effect on health, smoking cessation should be prioritized as an important health intervention; however, current interventions have shown low success rates as only 31% of the cases can stop smoking. In this paper, an intervention with high frequency and low intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation (HFLI TMS) was applied to determine if this type of neuromodulation could have an effect in decreasing tobacco addiction.

Methods: Retrospective data from ten ambulatory smoker patients that underwent 24 sessions of HFLI TMS over 8 weeks were retrieved and are here presented.

Results: Exhaled CO concentrations were statistically significantly different from baseline at the weeks 3, 5, 6, and 8. After the 24 sessions, all patients stopped smoking; this was confirmed directly by exhaled carbon monoxide and the smoking diary. Three months after intervention, eight out of ten subjects continued without smoking. No severe adverse effects were reported by participants.

Conclusions: Overall, employing HFLI TMS appears to have acceptable result; however, further evidence is needed to determine with more certainty its therapeutic effect and adverse effects for addiction intervention.

References

Choi H, Ataucuri-Vargas J, Lin C, Singrey A . The current state of tobacco cessation treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2021; 88(7):393-404. DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.88a.20099. View

Herwig U, Satrapi P, Schonfeldt-Lecuona C . Using the international 10-20 EEG system for positioning of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Topogr. 2004; 16(2):95-9. DOI: 10.1023/b:brat.0000006333.93597.9d. View

Castillo-Aguilar L, Rios-Ponce A, Albano de Mendonca E, Villafuerte G . High-Frequency and Low-Intensity Patterned Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex as Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Report of 3 Cases. Case Rep Psychiatry. 2021; 2021:5563017. PMC: 8004358. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563017. View

Heatherton T, Kozlowski L, Frecker R, Fagerstrom K . The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991; 86(9):1119-27. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x. View

Russo S, Nestler E . The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013; 14(9):609-25. PMC: 3867253. DOI: 10.1038/nrn3381. View

Barth A, Ponocny I, Ponocny-Seliger E, Vana N, Winker R . Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure on cognitive functions: results of a meta-analysis. Bioelectromagnetics. 2009; 31(3):173-9. DOI: 10.1002/bem.20543. View

Komaki A, Khalili A, Salehi I, Shahidi S, Sarihi A . Effects of exposure to an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on hippocampal long-term potentiation in rat. Brain Res. 2014; 1564:1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.041. View

van Belkum S, Bosker F, Kortekaas R, Beersma D, Schoevers R . Treatment of depression with low-strength transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields: A mechanistic point of view. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016; 71:137-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.07.006. View

Xiao L, Correll C, Feng L, Xiang Y, Feng Y, Hu C . Rhythmic low-field magnetic stimulation may improve depression by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor. CNS Spectr. 2018; 24(3):313-321. DOI: 10.1017/S1092852917000670. View

10.

Benowitz N, Bernert J, Foulds J, Hecht S, Jacob P, Jarvis M . Biochemical Verification of Tobacco Use and Abstinence: 2019 Update. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019; 22(7):1086-1097. PMC: 7882145. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz132. View

11.

Reinert D, Allen J . The alcohol use disorders identification test: an update of research findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007; 31(2):185-99. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00295.x. View

12.

Volkow N, Tomasi D, Wang G, Fowler J, Telang F, Wang R . Effects of low-field magnetic stimulation on brain glucose metabolism. Neuroimage. 2010; 51(2):623-8. PMC: 2862488. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.015. View

13.

Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Wright L . Short form 36 (SF36) health survey questionnaire: normative data for adults of working age. BMJ. 1993; 306(6890):1437-40. PMC: 1677870. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.306.6890.1437. View

14.

Wang Y, Gorenstein C . Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. Braz J Psychiatry. 2014; 35(4):416-31. DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048. View

15.

Hauer L, Scarano G, Brigo F, Golaszewski S, Lochner P, Trinka E . Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on nicotine consumption and craving: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2019; 281:112562. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112562. View

16.

Schlaepfer T, Cohen M, Frick C, Kosel M, Brodesser D, Axmacher N . Deep brain stimulation to reward circuitry alleviates anhedonia in refractory major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007; 33(2):368-77. DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301408. View

17.

Piper M, Bullen C, Krishnan-Sarin S, Rigotti N, Steinberg M, Streck J . Defining and Measuring Abstinence in Clinical Trials of Smoking Cessation Interventions: An Updated Review. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019; 22(7):1098-1106. PMC: 9633719. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz110. View

18.

Beck A, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer R . An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988; 56(6):893-7. DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893. View

19.

Hallett M . Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a primer. Neuron. 2007; 55(2):187-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.026. View

20.

Krist A, Davidson K, Mangione C, Barry M, Cabana M, Caughey A . Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021; 325(3):265-279. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.25019. View