Early Term Ocular Changes After Cold Compress Application

Overview

Journal Arq Bras Oftalmol

Specialty Ophthalmology

Date 2021 Sep 29

PMID 34586232

Authors

Alperen Bahar

Gokhan Pekel

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: To examine changes in the eyes after cold compress application at the early stage.

Method: A total of 62 eyes from 62 healthy adult participants were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness were measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography. The central corneal thickness, anterior segment volume and depth, iridocorneal angle, and pupil diameter were measured by means of the Scheimpflug anterior segment imaging method. The measurements were repeated after 10 min of cold compress application, which was applied using special packs. The procedures were then repeated with non-cold packages to exclude the effect of pressure.

Results: The average age of the participants was 30.74 ± 5.82 years. There was no significant change in the central corneal thickness after cold compress application, and there was a significant decrease in the anterior segment volume (p<0.001), anterior segment depth (p<0.001), and pupil diameter. Moreover, the iridocorneal angle increased (p=0.002). The subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased after the application of cold compress (p<0.001). The overall disk thickness (p=0.034) and superior nasal scale (p=0.007) significantly decreased after the cold compress was administered during the evaluation of optic nerve fiber thickness. In contrast to that with the cold application, the subfoveal choroidal thickness and optic nerve fiber thickness did not change after the non-cold compress application (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Cold compress application may thus cause some physiological changes in the eyes, which necessitates the examination of its usage and effects.

References

Barca I, Colangeli W, Cristofaro M, Giudice A, Giofre E, Varano A . Effects of cold therapy in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures: hilotherm system vs ice bag. Ann Ital Chir. 2016; 87:411-416. View

Khoshnevis S, Craik N, Diller K . Cold-induced vasoconstriction may persist long after cooling ends: an evaluation of multiple cryotherapy units. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014; 23(9):2475-83. PMC: 4395553. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-2911-y. View

Maeda H, Kurose T, Nosaka S, Kawamata S . Microvascular circulation at cool, normal and warm temperatures in rat leg muscles examined by histochemistry using Lycopersicon esculentum lectin. Acta Histochem. 2014; 116(6):1096-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.05.006. View

Flammer J, Konieczka K, Flammer A . The primary vascular dysregulation syndrome: implications for eye diseases. EPMA J. 2013; 4(1):14. PMC: 3693953. DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-14. View

SHEPHERD J, Rusch N, Vanhoutte P . Effect of cold on the blood vessel wall. Gen Pharmacol. 1983; 14(1):61-4. DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(83)90064-2. View

Terelak-Borys B, Grabska-Liberek I, Schoetzau A, Konieczka K . Transient visual field impairment after cold provocation in glaucoma patients with Flammer syndrome. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2019; 37(1):31-39. PMC: 6484275. DOI: 10.3233/RNN-180866. View

Sugiyama T, Moriya S, Oku H, Azuma I . Association of endothelin-1 with normal tension glaucoma: clinical and fundamental studies. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995; 39 Suppl 1:S49-56. DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6257(05)80073-6. View

Smal C, Lepiece G, Bonnet S . [Central serous chorioretinopathy following the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors]. Rev Med Liege. 2017; 72(11):475-477. View

Yu L, Shao Y, Chai Y, Ye L, Yang Q, Ye L . Retinal microvasculature alteration in central serous chorioretinopathy. Mol Med Rep. 2017; 17(2):2335-2340. PMC: 5783478. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8126. View

10.

Hodges G, Zhao K, Kosiba W, Johnson J . The involvement of nitric oxide in the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to local cooling in humans. J Physiol. 2006; 574(Pt 3):849-57. PMC: 1817728. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.109884. View

11.

Walter A, Finelli K, Bai X, Johnson B, Neuberger T, Seidenberg P . Neurobiological effect of selective brain cooling after concussive injury. Brain Imaging Behav. 2017; 12(3):891-900. DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9755-2. View

12.

Lindsell L, Miller D, Brown J . Use of topical ice for local anesthesia for intravitreal injections. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014; 132(8):1010-1. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.1397. View

13.

Forbes M . Gonioscopy with corneal indentation. A method for distinguishing between appositional closure and synechial closure. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966; 76(4):488-92. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1966.03850010490005. View

14.

GOLOVINA E . [Result of treatment by local cooling in closed soft tissue injury]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 1958; 80(6):78-85. View

15.

Konrath G, Lock T, Goitz H, Scheidler J . The use of cold therapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A prospective, randomized study and literature review. Am J Sports Med. 1996; 24(5):629-33. DOI: 10.1177/036354659602400511. View

16.

Howells J, Czesnik D, Trevillion L, Burke D . Excitability and the safety margin in human axons during hyperthermia. J Physiol. 2013; 591(12):3063-80. PMC: 3832120. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249060. View

17.

Nicolela M, Ferrier S, Morrison C, Archibald M, LeVatte T, Wallace K . Effects of cold-induced vasospasm in glaucoma: the role of endothelin-1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003; 44(6):2565-72. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.02-0913. View

18.

Harold Lee H, Shoshani Y, Sokol J, Smith H, Stevens E, Nunery W . The assessment of orbital apical temperature change with local cool compress application. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011; 27(6):414-6. DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e318220f127. View

19.

Bruno C, Alward W . Gonioscopy in primary angle closure glaucoma. Semin Ophthalmol. 2004; 17(2):59-68. DOI: 10.1076/soph.17.2.59.14721. View

20.

Schaser K, Stover J, Melcher I, Lauffer A, Haas N, Bail H . Local cooling restores microcirculatory hemodynamics after closed soft-tissue trauma in rats. J Trauma. 2006; 61(3):642-9. DOI: 10.1097/01.ta.0000174922.08781.2f. View