Lifestyle Habits and Exposure to BPA and Phthalates in Women of Childbearing Age from Northern Italy: A Pilot Study

Overview

Journal Int J Environ Res Public Health

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Environmental Health
Public Health

Date 2021 Sep 28

PMID 34574636

Citations 10

Authors

Ilaria Di Napoli

Sara Tagliaferri

Eduardo Sommella

Emanuela Salviati

Debora Porri

Benedetta Raspini

Hellas Cena

Pietro Campiglia

Cinzia La Rocca

Rosa Maria Cerbo

Rachele De Giuseppe

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with aspects of hormonal signaling. Considerable attention has been paid to their biological effects especially in women of childbearing age or during pregnancy as EDCs have been reported to cross the placenta becoming concentrated in the fetus' circulation. Lifestyle habits, daily consumption of packaged foods and use of healthcare/cosmetic products are associated with increased EDCs levels. This cross-sectional research examined the EDCs levels and the lifestyle determinants of EDC exposure in a cohort of reproductive-age women from Northern Italy. Forty-five women (median age: 36, IQR: 30-38) were evaluated for urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates levels and also studied for EDCs' major determinants of daily exposure; food frequency/dietary, physical activity, smoking habits and weight status. Although 100% of women seemed to have been exposed to common sources of EDCs, they reported a healthy lifestyle. The multivariable model described a positive and significant association between consumption of sauces/dressings in plastic containers and monoethyl phthalate exposure ( = 0.037). Since reproductive age encompasses a critical window for future health and functioning of the "mothers-to-be" and their children, future studies on prenatal dietary BPA and phthalate exposure and the role of consumer product choices in reducing such exposure are recommended.

Citing Articles

Comparative analysis of the bioaccumulation of bisphenol A in the blood serum and follicular fluid of women living in two areas with different environmental impacts.

Raimondo S, Chiusano M, Gentile M, Gentile T, Cuomo F, Gentile R Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024; 15:1392550.

PMID: 39439569 PMC: 11495266. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1392550.

Evaluating Phthalates and Bisphenol in Foods: Risks for Precocious Puberty and Early-Onset Obesity.

Calcaterra V, Cena H, Loperfido F, Rossi V, Grazi R, Quatrale A Nutrients. 2024; 16(16).

PMID: 39203868 PMC: 11357315. DOI: 10.3390/nu16162732.

Lifestyle and Chemicals: Exploring Behavioral Habits Related to Endocrine Disruptor Exposure Among the General Population of Saudi Arabia.

Alabdulmohsen D, AlDeaiji L, Abdul Hai U, Ghazwani M, Alsulaim K, Alanazi R Cureus. 2024; 16(7):e64392.

PMID: 39130817 PMC: 11317116. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64392.

The Role of Nutrition on Thyroid Function.

Shulhai A, Rotondo R, Petraroli M, Patianna V, Predieri B, Iughetti L Nutrients. 2024; 16(15).

PMID: 39125376 PMC: 11314468. DOI: 10.3390/nu16152496.

Maternal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Analysis of Their Impact on Infant Gut Microbiota Composition.

Vacca M, Calabrese F, Loperfido F, Maccarini B, Cerbo R, Sommella E Biomedicines. 2024; 12(1).

PMID: 38275405 PMC: 10813257. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010234.

References

Vandenberg L, Hauser R, Marcus M, Olea N, Welshons W . Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA). Reprod Toxicol. 2007; 24(2):139-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.010. View

Hlisnikova H, Petrovicova I, Kolena B, Sidlovska M, Sirotkin A . Effects and Mechanisms of Phthalates' Action on Reproductive Processes and Reproductive Health: A Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(18). PMC: 7559247. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186811. View

Strommen K, Lyche J, Moltu S, Muller M, Blakstad E, Almaas A . High urinary concentrations of parabens and bisphenol A in very low birth weight infants. Chemosphere. 2021; 271:129570. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129570. View

Ougier E, Zeman F, Antignac J, Rousselle C, Lange R, Kolossa-Gehring M . Human biomonitoring initiative (HBM4EU): Human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) derived for bisphenol A. Environ Int. 2021; 154:106563. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106563. View

Di Ciaula A, Portincasa P . Diet and Contaminants: Driving the Rise to Obesity Epidemics?. Curr Med Chem. 2017; 26(19):3471-3482. DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170518095736. View

Whyatt R, Liu X, Rauh V, Calafat A, Just A, Hoepner L . Maternal prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and child mental, psychomotor, and behavioral development at 3 years of age. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 120(2):290-5. PMC: 3279439. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103705. View

Goen T, Dobler L, Koschorreck J, Muller J, Wiesmuller G, Drexler H . Trends of the internal phthalate exposure of young adults in Germany--follow-up of a retrospective human biomonitoring study. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011; 215(1):36-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.07.011. View

Nesan D, Feighan K, Antle M, Kurrasch D . Gestational low-dose BPA exposure impacts suprachiasmatic nucleus neurogenesis and circadian activity with transgenerational effects. Sci Adv. 2021; 7(22). PMC: 8163075. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1159. View

Tellez-Rojo M, Cantoral A, Cantonwine D, Schnaas L, Peterson K, Hu H . Prenatal urinary phthalate metabolites levels and neurodevelopment in children at two and three years of age. Sci Total Environ. 2013; 461-462:386-90. PMC: 3735862. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.021. View

10.

Zhang Y, Mustieles V, Williams P, Wylie B, Souter I, Calafat A . Parental preconception exposure to phenol and phthalate mixtures and the risk of preterm birth. Environ Int. 2021; 151:106440. PMC: 8488320. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106440. View

11.

Cena H, De Giuseppe R, Biino G, Persico F, Ciliberto A, Giovanelli A . Evaluation of eating habits and lifestyle in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery: a single Italian center experience. Springerplus. 2016; 5(1):1467. PMC: 5007240. DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3133-1. View

12.

Basak S, Das M, Duttaroy A . Plastics derived endocrine-disrupting compounds and their effects on early development. Birth Defects Res. 2020; 112(17):1308-1325. DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1741. View

13.

Lee D, Jacobs Jr D . Methodological issues in human studies of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2016; 16(4):289-97. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9340-9. View

14.

Lopez A, Redner R, Kurti A, Keith D, Villanti A, Stanton C . Tobacco and nicotine delivery product use in a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age. Prev Med. 2018; 117:61-68. PMC: 6141351. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.001. View

15.

Tonini C, Segatto M, Gagliardi S, Bertoli S, Leone A, Barberio L . Maternal Dietary Exposure to Low-Dose Bisphenol A Affects Metabolic and Signaling Pathways in the Brain of Rat Fetuses. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5). PMC: 7285067. DOI: 10.3390/nu12051448. View

16.

Huo X, Chen D, He Y, Zhu W, Zhou W, Zhang J . Bisphenol-A and Female Infertility: A Possible Role of Gene-Environment Interactions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015; 12(9):11101-16. PMC: 4586663. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911101. View

17.

Abraham A, Chakraborty P . A review on sources and health impacts of bisphenol A. Rev Environ Health. 2019; 35(2):201-210. DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0034. View

18.

Zimmers S, Browne E, OKeefe P, Anderton D, Kramer L, Reckhow D . Determination of free Bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in breast milk of U.S. women using a sensitive LC/MS/MS method. Chemosphere. 2014; 104:237-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.085. View

19.

Przybyla J, Geldhof G, Smit E, Kile M . A cross sectional study of urinary phthalates, phenols and perchlorate on thyroid hormones in US adults using structural equation models (NHANES 2007-2008). Environ Res. 2018; 163:26-35. PMC: 6451439. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.039. View

20.

Lange R, Apel P, Rousselle C, Charles S, Sissoko F, Kolossa-Gehring M . The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU): Human biomonitoring guidance values for selected phthalates and a substitute plasticizer. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021; 234:113722. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113722. View