Do Maternal Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Perinatal Period Predict the Lactation Mastitis Occurrence? A Retrospective Longitudinal Study in Greek Women

Overview

Journal Diagnostics (Basel)

Specialty Radiology

Date 2021 Sep 28

PMID 34573866

Authors

Maria Dagla

Calliope Dagla

Irina Mrvoljak-Theodoropoulou

Dimitra Sotiropoulou

Aikaterini-Taxiarchoula Kavakou

Eleni Kontiza

Evangelia Antoniou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate whether symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders in women during the perinatal period predict the occurrence of lactation mastitis.

Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study of 622 Greek women who were monitored from pregnancy until the first year postpartum (during the period January 2015-May 2018). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) were administered at four time points: (a) 24th-28th gestation week, (b) 34th-38th gestation week, (c) 6 weeks postpartum, and (d) 12 months postpartum. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results: Results showed that (a) increased EPDS ( < 0.02) and PASS ( < 0.05) scores during the last period before birth, (b) increased EPDS score at 6 weeks postpartum ( < 0.02), (c) PMS symptoms ( < 0.03), (d) traumatic life events during the last year ( < 0.03), and (e) the existence of a history of psychotherapy (before pregnancy) ( = 0.050) appear to be the psycho-emotional factors that can predict the possible occurrence of lactation mastitis in a breastfeeding mother.

Conclusions: The association between women's poor mental health and the occurrence of a physical health problem, such as lactation mastitis, is recognized. This study highlights the important role of early and timely detection of perinatal mental health disorders.

References

Hahn-Holbrook J, Haselton M, Dunkel Schetter C, Glynn L . Does breastfeeding offer protection against maternal depressive symptomatology?: A prospective study from pregnancy to 2 years after birth. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013; 16(5):411-22. PMC: 3818091. DOI: 10.1007/s00737-013-0348-9. View

Sanger C, Iles J, Andrew C, Ramchandani P . Associations between postnatal maternal depression and psychological outcomes in adolescent offspring: a systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2014; 18(2):147-162. DOI: 10.1007/s00737-014-0463-2. View

Yu Z, Sun S, Zhang Y . High-Risk Factors for Suppurative Mastitis in Lactating Women. Med Sci Monit. 2018; 24:4192-4197. PMC: 6038717. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.909394. View

Ystrom E . Breastfeeding cessation and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012; 12:36. PMC: 3449190. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-36. View

Binns C, Lee M, Low W . The Long-Term Public Health Benefits of Breastfeeding. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2016; 28(1):7-14. DOI: 10.1177/1010539515624964. View

Zarshenas M, Zhao Y, Poorarian S, Binns C, Scott J . Incidence and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Shiraz, Iran: Results of a Cohort Study. Breastfeed Med. 2017; 12:290-296. DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0153. View

Ciampo L, Ciampo I . Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women's Health. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2018; 40(6):354-359. PMC: 10798271. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657766. View

Somerville S, Dedman K, Hagan R, Oxnam E, Wettinger M, Byrne S . The Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale: development and preliminary validation. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2014; 17(5):443-54. DOI: 10.1007/s00737-014-0425-8. View

Jardri R, Pelta J, Maron M, Thomas P, Delion P, Codaccioni X . Predictive validation study of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the first week after delivery and risk analysis for postnatal depression. J Affect Disord. 2006; 93(1-3):169-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.03.009. View

10.

Slomian J, Honvo G, Emonts P, Reginster J, Bruyere O . Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes. Womens Health (Lond). 2019; 15:1745506519844044. PMC: 6492376. DOI: 10.1177/1745506519844044. View

11.

Chaudron L, Klein M, Remington P, Palta M, Allen C, Essex M . Predictors, prodromes and incidence of postpartum depression. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2001; 22(2):103-12. DOI: 10.3109/01674820109049960. View

12.

Watkins S, Meltzer-Brody S, Zolnoun D, Stuebe A . Early breastfeeding experiences and postpartum depression. Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 118(2 Pt 1):214-221. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182260a2d. View

13.

Dennis C, Schottle N, Hodnett E, McQueen K . An all-purpose nipple ointment versus lanolin in treating painful damaged nipples in breastfeeding women: a randomized controlled trial. Breastfeed Med. 2012; 7(6):473-9. DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2011.0121. View

14.

Stuebe A, Grewen K, Pedersen C, Propper C, Meltzer-Brody S . Failed lactation and perinatal depression: common problems with shared neuroendocrine mechanisms?. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011; 21(3):264-72. PMC: 3298672. DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2011.3083. View

15.

Deng Y, Huang Y, Ning P, Ma S, He P, Wang Y . Maternal Risk Factors for Lactation Mastitis: A Meta-analysis. West J Nurs Res. 2020; 43(7):698-708. DOI: 10.1177/0193945920967674. View

16.

Gentile S, Fusco M . Untreated perinatal paternal depression: Effects on offspring. Psychiatry Res. 2017; 252:325-332. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.064. View

17.

Howard L, Khalifeh H . Perinatal mental health: a review of progress and challenges. World Psychiatry. 2020; 19(3):313-327. PMC: 7491613. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20769. View

18.

Labbok M . Exploration of guilt among mothers who do not breastfeed: the physician's role. J Hum Lact. 2008; 24(1):80-4. DOI: 10.1177/0890334407312002. View

19.

Dixon J, Khan L . Treatment of breast infection. BMJ. 2011; 342:d396. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d396. View

20.

Galler J, Harrison R, Ramsey F, Chawla S, Taylor J . Postpartum feeding attitudes, maternal depression, and breastfeeding in Barbados. Infant Behav Dev. 2006; 29(2):189-203. DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.10.005. View