Promoter and Enhancer Activities of Long Terminal Repeats Associated with Cellular Retrovirus-like (VL30) Elements

Overview

Journal Nucleic Acids Res

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 1986 Jan 24

PMID 3456150

Citations 12

Authors

G Rotman

A Itin

E Keshet

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

LTR units associated with cellular retrovirus-like elements are abundantly present in chromosomal DNA of animal cells. We have analyzed the promoter and enhancer activities of diverse LTR units associated with different members of the murine retrovirus-like family known as VL30. We report here that the structurally heterogenous VL30 LTRs displayed highly variable promoter/enhancer activities. The most active VL30 LTR (designated VL3) promoted CAT activity to levels six-fold higher than the LTR of the strongly transforming retrovirus, MSV. This VL30 transcription unit, containing a unique U3 region, was further characterized by S1 nuclease mapping. VL3 LTR functioned as an enhancer in CAT constructs containing a SV40 promoter. In addition, a defined U3 segment was shown to augment expression of CAT in an orientation independent manner. VL3 LTR also served as an efficient promoter and enhancer in heterologous monkey cells. These results suggest that certain resident LTRs possess promoter and enhancer capacities greater than those possessed by LTRs of infectious retroviruses.

Citing Articles

TRIM28-Regulated Transposon Repression Is Required for Human Germline Competency and Not Primed or Naive Human Pluripotency.

Tao Y, Yen M, Chitiashvili T, Nakano H, Kim R, Hosohama L Stem Cell Reports. 2018; 10(1):243-256.

PMID: 29290627 PMC: 5768987. DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.020.

Sequence analysis of Mus dunni endogenous virus reveals a hybrid VL30/gibbon ape leukemia virus-like structure and a distinct envelope.

Wolgamot G, Bonham L, Miller A J Virol. 1998; 72(9):7459-66.

PMID: 9696842 PMC: 109979. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.9.7459-7466.1998.

Anoxia-inducible rat VL30 elements and their relationship to ras-containing sarcoma viruses.

Firulli B, Anderson G, Stoler D, Estes S J Virol. 1993; 67(11):6857-62.

PMID: 8411389 PMC: 238132. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.67.11.6857-6862.1993.

Inducible and cell type-specific expression of VL30 U3 subgroups correlate with their enhancer design.

Nilsson M, Bohm S J Virol. 1994; 68(1):276-88.

PMID: 8254739 PMC: 236287. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.68.1.276-288.1994.

An internal ribosomal entry signal in the rat VL30 region of the Harvey murine sarcoma virus leader and its use in dicistronic retroviral vectors.

BERLIOZ C, Torrent C, Darlix J J Virol. 1995; 69(10):6400-7.

PMID: 7666541 PMC: 189539. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.69.10.6400-6407.1995.

References

Kuff E, Leuders K, Ozer H, WIVEL N . Some structural and antigenic properties of intracisternal A particles occurring in mouse tumors (complement fixation-immunodiffusion-neuroblastoma-plasma-cell tumor). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972; 69(1):218-22. PMC: 427579. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.1.218. View

Lueders K, FEWELL J, Kuff E, Koch T . The long terminal repeat of an endogenous intracisternal A-particle gene functions as a promoter when introduced into eucaryotic cells by transfection. Mol Cell Biol. 1984; 4(10):2128-35. PMC: 369031. DOI: 10.1128/mcb.4.10.2128-2135.1984. View

Lueders K, Kuff E . Sequences associated with intracisternal A particles are reiterated in the mouse genome. Cell. 1977; 12(4):963-72. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90161-1. View

Chirgwin J, Przybyla A, MacDonald R, Rutter W . Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979; 18(24):5294-9. DOI: 10.1021/bi00591a005. View

Maxam A, Gilbert W . Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980; 65(1):499-560. DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. View

Keshet E, Shaul Y, Kaminchik J, Aviv H . Heterogeneity of "virus-like" genes encoding retrovirus-associated 30S RNA and their organization within the mouse genome. Cell. 1980; 20(2):431-9. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90629-7. View

Gluzman Y . SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early SV40 mutants. Cell. 1981; 23(1):175-82. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90282-8. View

Chang E, Furth M, Scolnick E, Lowy D . Tumorigenic transformation of mammalian cells induced by a normal human gene homologous to the oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus. Nature. 1982; 297(5866):479-83. DOI: 10.1038/297479a0. View

Keshet E, Itin A . Patterns of genomic distribution and sequence heterogeneity of a murine "retrovirus-like" multigene family. J Virol. 1982; 43(1):50-8. PMC: 256095. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.43.1.50-58.1982. View

10.

Laimins L, Khoury G, Gorman C, Howard B, Gruss P . Host-specific activation of transcription by tandem repeats from simian virus 40 and Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982; 79(21):6453-7. PMC: 347144. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.21.6453. View

11.

Gorman C, Moffat L, Howard B . Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982; 2(9):1044-51. PMC: 369897. DOI: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044-1051.1982. View

12.

Gorman C, Merlino G, Willingham M, Pastan I, Howard B . The Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat is a strong promoter when introduced into a variety of eukaryotic cells by DNA-mediated transfection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982; 79(22):6777-81. PMC: 347216. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.22.6777. View

13.

Foster D, Schmidt L, Hodgson C, Moses H, Getz M . Polyadenylylated RNA complementary to a mouse retrovirus-like multigene family is rapidly and specifically induced by epidermal growth factor stimulation of quiescent cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982; 79(23):7317-21. PMC: 347330. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7317. View

14.

Tsichlis P, STRAUSS P, Hu L . A common region for proviral DNA integration in MoMuLV-induced rat thymic lymphomas. Nature. 1983; 302(5907):445-9. DOI: 10.1038/302445a0. View

15.

Kuff E, Feenstra A, Lueders K, Rechavi G, Givol D, Canaani E . Homology between an endogenous viral LTR and sequences inserted in an activated cellular oncogene. Nature. 1983; 302(5908):547-8. DOI: 10.1038/302547a0. View

16.

Cullen B, Skalka A, Ju G . Endogenous avian retroviruses contain deficient promoter and leader sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983; 80(10):2946-50. PMC: 393950. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.10.2946. View

17.

Wirth T, Gloggler K, Baumruker T, Schmidt M, Horak I . Family of middle repetitive DNA sequences in the mouse genome with structural features of solitary retroviral long terminal repeats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983; 80(11):3327-30. PMC: 394035. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.11.3327. View

18.

Brulet P, Kaghad M, Xu Y, CROISSANT O, Jacob F . Early differential tissue expression of transposon-like repetitive DNA sequences of the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983; 80(18):5641-5. PMC: 384314. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.18.5641. View

19.

PIKO L, Hammons M, Taylor K . Amounts, synthesis, and some properties of intracisternal A particle-related RNA in early mouse embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984; 81(2):488-92. PMC: 344703. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.488. View

20.

Norton J, Connor J, Avery R . Unusual long terminal repeat sequence of a retrovirus transmissible mouse (VL 30) genetic element: identification of functional domains. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984; 12(8):3445-60. PMC: 318761. DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.8.3445. View