COVID-19 Pediatric Dermatology

Overview

Journal Dermatol Clin

Specialty Dermatology

Date 2021 Sep 24

PMID 34556241

Authors

Holly Neale

Elena B Hawryluk

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Children are a unique subset of patients in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, often presenting asymptomatically, mildly, or atypically. Manifestations of the skin may be a primary (or the only) presenting sign. Recognizing cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in the pediatric population is important to guiding precautions, testing, and management for patients and close contacts. Whereas some dermatologic signs in children overlap with those in adults, other skin findings are reported with higher frequency in children and may be clues to multisystemic sequelae. This article describes presentation, pathophysiologic theories, and management strategies for cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children.

References

Colonna C, Genovese G, Monzani N, Picca M, Boggio F, Gianotti R . Outbreak of chilblain-like acral lesions in children in the metropolitan area of Milan, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; 83(3):965-969. PMC: 7286233. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.019. View

Rekhtman S, Tannenbaum R, Strunk A, Birabaharan M, Wright S, Garg A . Mucocutaneous disease and related clinical characteristics in hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; 84(2):408-414. PMC: 7585496. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.060. View

Fertitta L, Welfringer-Morin A, Ouedrani A, Polivka L, Chhun S, Chatenoud L . Immunological and virological profile of children with chilblain-like lesions and SARS-CoV-2. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020; 35(3):e164-e167. PMC: 7675551. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16972. View

Gkoutzourelas A, Bogdanos D, Sakkas L . Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. Mediterr J Rheumatol. 2020; 31(Suppl 2):268-274. PMC: 7656130. DOI: 10.31138/mjr.31.3.268. View

Neri I, Virdi A, Corsini I, Guglielmo A, Lazzarotto T, Gabrielli L . Major cluster of paediatric 'true' primary chilblains during the COVID-19 pandemic: a consequence of lifestyle changes due to lockdown. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020; 34(11):2630-2635. PMC: 7323208. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16751. View

Xiong Y, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Shao J, Zhu W . Clinical and Imaging Features of COVID-19 in a Neonate. Chest. 2020; 158(1):e5-e7. PMC: 7330548. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.018. View

Docampo-Simon A, Sanchez-Pujol M, Juan-Carpena G, Palazon-Cabanes J, Vergara-De Caso E, Berbegal L . Are chilblain-like acral skin lesions really indicative of COVID-19? A prospective study and literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020; 34(9):e445-e447. PMC: 7283627. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16665. View

Freeman E, McMahon D, Fox L . Emerging Evidence of the Direct Association Between COVID-19 and Chilblains. JAMA Dermatol. 2020; 157(2):238-239. DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.4937. View

Feldstein L, Rose E, Horwitz S, Collins J, Newhams M, Son M . Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(4):334-346. PMC: 7346765. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021680. View

10.

McMurray J, May J, Cunningham M, Jones O . Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), a Post-viral Myocarditis and Systemic Vasculitis-A Critical Review of Its Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Pediatr. 2021; 8:626182. PMC: 7793714. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.626182. View

11.

Young T, Shaw K, Shah J, Noor A, Alperin R, Ratner A . Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Dermatol. 2020; 157(2):207-212. PMC: 7726702. DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.4779. View

12.

Genovese G, Colonna C, Marzano A . Varicella-like exanthem associated with COVID-19 in an 8-year-old girl: A diagnostic clue?. Pediatr Dermatol. 2020; 37(3):435-436. PMC: 7264614. DOI: 10.1111/pde.14201. View

13.

Kilani M, Odeh M, Shalabi M, Al Qassieh R, Al-Tamimi M . Clinical and laboratory characteristics of SARS-CoV2-infected paediatric patients in Jordan: serial RT-PCR testing until discharge. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2020; 41(1):83-92. DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2020.1804733. View

14.

Olisova O, Anpilogova E, Shnakhova L . Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: A skin rash in a child. Dermatol Ther. 2020; 33(6):e13712. PMC: 7300520. DOI: 10.1111/dth.13712. View

15.

Marzano A, Genovese G, Fabbrocini G, Pigatto P, Monfrecola G, Piraccini B . Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: Multicenter case series of 22 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; 83(1):280-285. PMC: 7161488. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.044. View

16.

Poline J, Gaschignard J, LeBlanc C, Madhi F, Foucaud E, Nattes E . Systematic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Screening at Hospital Admission in Children: A French Prospective Multicenter Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 72(12):2215-2217. PMC: 7454330. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1044. View

17.

Belot A, Levy-Bruhl D . Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(18):1793-1794. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2026136. View

18.

Recalcati S . Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020; 34(5):e212-e213. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16387. View

19.

Wang J, Li Y, Musch D, Wei N, Qi X, Ding G . Progression of Myopia in School-Aged Children After COVID-19 Home Confinement. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021; 139(3):293-300. PMC: 7809617. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.6239. View

20.

Garcia-Gil M, Monte Serrano J, Lapena-Casado A, Garcia Garcia M, Matovelle Ochoa C, Ara-Martin M . Livedo reticularis and acrocyanosis as late manifestations of COVID-19 in two cases with familial aggregation. Potential pathogenic role of complement (C4c). Int J Dermatol. 2020; 59(12):1549-1551. PMC: 7675366. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15233. View