Self-rated Changes of Health Status During Stay-at-home Orders Among Older Adults Using the Long-term Care Insurance System of Japan: A Cross-sectional Study

Overview

Journal Phys Ther Res

Specialty Rehabilitation Medicine

Date 2021 Sep 17

PMID 34532213

Citations 1

Authors

Takazumi Ono

Mieko Kashima

Yasuyoshi Asakawa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: To reveal self-rated changes of health status during stay-at-home orders among older adults and to verify whether decrease in frequency of going outdoors during these orders was related to self-rated changes in health status.

Method: A self-completed questionnaire for older adults was provided in 2 dayservice facilities and a nursing station. We operationally defined health status with 4 domains (motor function, oral and swallowing function, depression, and social networks) and designed the questionnaire to determine self-rated changes in health status using factor analysis. After factor analysis, regression analyses were conducted. Dependent variable was each factor score (self-rated changes of health status), and independent variable was decrease in frequency of going outdoors.

Results: Approximately 80% of participants answered that their health status had "worsened" in motor function (75.0%-87.2%). Moreover, more than 70% of participants answered "worsened" in "Feeling energy" and "Getting together and speaking with friends" (72.3% and 75.7%, respectively). Regression analyses demonstrated that, after adjusting for covariates, the decrease in frequency of going outdoors was related to self-rated changes of motor function and friend network.

Conclusion: During stay-at-home orders, older adults felt deterioration in their motor function, in feeling energy, and in their friend network, especially people who had decreased their frequency of going outdoors felt more deterioration in their motor function and in their friend network.

Citing Articles

Change in long-term care service usage in Japan following the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey using a nationwide statistical summary in 2018-2021.

Sato K, Niimi Y, Iwatsubo T, Ishii S Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2022; 22(9):803-809.

PMID: 36058628 PMC: 9539262. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14461.

References

Pieh C, Budimir S, Probst T . The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria. J Psychosom Res. 2020; 136:110186. PMC: 7832650. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186. View

Kono A, Kai I, Sakato C, Rubenstein L . Frequency of going outdoors: a predictor of functional and psychosocial change among ambulatory frail elders living at home. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004; 59(3):275-80. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.3.m275. View

Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Otobe Y, Suzuki M, Koyama S . Effect of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020; 24(9):948-950. PMC: 7597428. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1424-2. View

Harada K, Lee S, Park H, Shimada H, Makizako H, Doi T . Going outdoors and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults: Moderating role of physical function. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015; 16(1):65-73. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12437. View

Sugishita K, Sugishita M, Hemmi I, Asada T, Tanigawa T . A Validity and Reliability Study of the Japanese Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS-15-J). Clin Gerontol. 2017; 40(4):233-240. DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2016.1199452. View

Harada K, Masumoto K, Katagiri K, Fukuzawa A, Chogahara M, Kondo N . Frequency of going outdoors and health-related quality of life among older adults: Examining the moderating role of living alone and employment status. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017; 18(4):640-647. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13222. View

Tsutsui T, Muramatsu N . Care-needs certification in the long-term care insurance system of Japan. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005; 53(3):522-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53175.x. View

Shimada H, Ishizaki T, Kato M, Morimoto A, Tamate A, Uchiyama Y . How often and how far do frail elderly people need to go outdoors to maintain functional capacity?. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009; 50(2):140-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.02.015. View

Lubben J, Blozik E, Gillmann G, Iliffe S, von Renteln Kruse W, Beck J . Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale among three European community-dwelling older adult populations. Gerontologist. 2006; 46(4):503-13. DOI: 10.1093/geront/46.4.503. View

10.

Stanton R, To Q, Khalesi S, Williams S, Alley S, Thwaite T . Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(11). PMC: 7312903. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114065. View

11.

Jacobs J, Cohen A, Hammerman-Rozenberg R, Azoulay D, Maaravi Y, Stessman J . Going outdoors daily predicts long-term functional and health benefits among ambulatory older people. J Aging Health. 2008; 20(3):259-72. DOI: 10.1177/0898264308315427. View

12.

Caputo E, Reichert F . Studies of Physical Activity and COVID-19 During the Pandemic: A Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health. 2020; 17(12):1275-1284. DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0406. View

13.

Lima-Costa M, Cesar C, Chor D, Proietti F . Self-rated health compared with objectively measured health status as a tool for mortality risk screening in older adults: 10-year follow-up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging. Am J Epidemiol. 2011; 175(3):228-35. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr290. View

14.

Kinoshita K, Satake S, Nishihara K, Kawashima S, Endo H, Arai H . [A homebound status is related to a reduction of meal intake in older outpatients, independent depressive mood and their physical function]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2019; 56(2):188-197. DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.56.188. View

15.

Fujita K, Fujiwara Y, Kumagai S, Watanabe S, Yoshida Y, Motohashi Y . [The frequency of going outdoors, and physical, psychological and social functioning among community-dwelling older adults]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2004; 51(3):168-80. View

16.

Cohen-Mansfield J, Shmotkin D, Hazan H . The effect of homebound status on older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010; 58(12):2358-62. PMC: 3119862. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03172.x. View

17.

Cohen-Mansfield J, Shmotkin D, Hazan H . Homebound older persons: prevalence, characteristics, and longitudinal predictors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011; 54(1):55-60. PMC: 3174334. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.016. View

18.

Fujita K, Fujiwara Y, Chaves P, Motohashi Y, Shinkai S . Frequency of going outdoors as a good predictors for incident disability of physical function as well as disability recovery in community-dwelling older adults in rural Japan. J Epidemiol. 2006; 16(6):261-70. PMC: 7683695. DOI: 10.2188/jea.16.261. View