Consciousness and Anesthesia: An Update for the Clinician

Overview

Journal Adv Anesth

Specialty Anesthesiology

Date 2021 Sep 15

PMID 34522064

Authors

Magnus K Teig

Anthony G Hudetz

George A Mashour

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

References

Murphy M, Bruno M, Riedner B, Boveroux P, Noirhomme Q, Landsness E . Propofol anesthesia and sleep: a high-density EEG study. Sleep. 2011; 34(3):283-91A. PMC: 3041704. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/34.3.283. View

Avidan M, Jacobsohn E, Glick D, Burnside B, Zhang L, Villafranca A . Prevention of intraoperative awareness in a high-risk surgical population. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365(7):591-600. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1100403. View

Bigelow H . Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation. West J Med Surg. 2024; 7(1):67-74. PMC: 10424980. View

Sanders R, Tononi G, Laureys S, Sleigh J . Unresponsiveness ≠ unconsciousness. Anesthesiology. 2012; 116(4):946-59. PMC: 3311716. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318249d0a7. View

Crick F, Koch C . A framework for consciousness. Nat Neurosci. 2003; 6(2):119-26. DOI: 10.1038/nn0203-119. View

Ferrarelli F, Massimini M, Sarasso S, Casali A, Riedner B, Angelini G . Breakdown in cortical effective connectivity during midazolam-induced loss of consciousness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010; 107(6):2681-6. PMC: 2823915. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913008107. View

Rowan K . Awareness under TIVA: a doctor's personal experience. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2002; 30(4):505-6. DOI: 10.1177/0310057X0203000421. View

Palanca B, Mashour G, Avidan M . Processed electroencephalogram in depth of anesthesia monitoring. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009; 22(5):553-9. DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283304032. View

Glass P, Bloom M, Kearse L, Rosow C, Sebel P, Manberg P . Bispectral analysis measures sedation and memory effects of propofol, midazolam, isoflurane, and alfentanil in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 1997; 86(4):836-47. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199704000-00014. View

10.

. Practice advisory for intraoperative awareness and brain function monitoring: a report by the american society of anesthesiologists task force on intraoperative awareness. Anesthesiology. 2006; 104(4):847-64. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200604000-00031. View

11.

Laureys S . The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative state. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005; 9(12):556-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.10.010. View

12.

Rau V, Oh I, Liao M, Bodarky C, Fanselow M, Homanics G . Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor β3 subunit forebrain-specific knockout mice are resistant to the amnestic effect of isoflurane. Anesth Analg. 2011; 113(3):500-4. PMC: 4003562. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182273aff. View

13.

Alkire M, Haier R, Shah N, Anderson C . Positron emission tomography study of regional cerebral metabolism in humans during isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1997; 86(3):549-57. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199703000-00006. View

14.

Velly L, Rey M, Bruder N, Gouvitsos F, Witjas T, Regis J . Differential dynamic of action on cortical and subcortical structures of anesthetic agents during induction of anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2007; 107(2):202-12. DOI: 10.1097/01.anes.0000270734.99298.b4. View

15.

Alkire M, Haier R, Barker S, Shah N, Wu J, Kao Y . Cerebral metabolism during propofol anesthesia in humans studied with positron emission tomography. Anesthesiology. 1995; 82(2):393-403; discussion 27A. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199502000-00010. View

16.

Mhuircheartaigh R, Rosenorn-Lanng D, Wise R, Jbabdi S, Rogers R, Tracey I . Cortical and subcortical connectivity changes during decreasing levels of consciousness in humans: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using propofol. J Neurosci. 2010; 30(27):9095-102. PMC: 6632477. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5516-09.2010. View

17.

Barnard J, Bennett C, Voss L, Sleigh J . Can anaesthetists be taught to interpret the effects of general anaesthesia on the electroencephalogram? Comparison of performance with the BIS and spectral entropy. Br J Anaesth. 2007; 99(4):532-7. DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem198. View

18.

Baars B . Global workspace theory of consciousness: toward a cognitive neuroscience of human experience. Prog Brain Res. 2005; 150:45-53. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50004-9. View

19.

Veselis R, Reinsel R, Beattie B, Mawlawi O, Feshchenko V, DiResta G . Midazolam changes cerebral blood flow in discrete brain regions: an H2(15)O positron emission tomography study. Anesthesiology. 1997; 87(5):1106-17. DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199711000-00015. View

20.

Viertio-Oja H, Maja V, Sarkela M, Talja P, Tenkanen N, Tolvanen-Laakso H . Description of the Entropy algorithm as applied in the Datex-Ohmeda S/5 Entropy Module. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004; 48(2):154-61. DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-5172.2004.00322.x. View