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Adaptation of a Mouse Doppler Echocardiograph System for Assessing Cardiac Function and Thermal Performance in a Juvenile Salmonid

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Journal Conserv Physiol
Date 2021 Sep 13
PMID 34512992
Citations 2
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Abstract

Measures of cardiac performance are pertinent to the study of thermal physiology and exercise in teleosts, particularly as they pertain to migration success. Increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output have previously been linked to improved swimming performance and increased upper thermal tolerance in anadromous salmonids. To assess thermal performance in fishes, it has become commonplace to measure the response of maximum heart rate to warming using electrocardiograms. However, electrocardiograms do not provide insight into the hemodynamic characteristics of heart function that can impact whole-animal performance. Doppler echocardiography is a popular tool used to examine live animal processes, including real-time cardiac function. This method allows for nonsurgical measurements of blood flow velocity through the heart and has been used to detect abnormalities in cardiovascular function, particularly in mammals. Here, we show how a mouse Doppler echocardiograph system can be adapted for use in a juvenile salmonid over a range of temperatures and timeframes. Using this compact, noninvasive system, we measured maximum heart rate, atrioventricular (AV) blood flow velocity, the early flow-atrial flow ratio and stroke distance in juvenile Atlantic salmon () during acute warming. Using histologically determined measures of AV valve area, we show how stroke distance measurements obtained with this system can be used to calculate ventricular inflow volume and approximate cardiac output. Further, we show how this Doppler system can be used to determine cardiorespiratory thresholds for thermal performance, which are increasingly being used to predict the consequences that warming water temperatures will have on migratory fishes.

Citing Articles

Cardiac hemodynamics and ventricular stiffness of sea-run cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou) differ critically from those of landlocked masu salmon.

Usui Y, Kimoto M, Hanashima A, Hashimoto K, Mohri S PLoS One. 2022; 17(11):e0267264.

PMID: 36331913 PMC: 9635730. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267264.


Proteomic analysis of temperature-dependent developmental plasticity within the ventricle of juvenile Atlantic salmon ().

Muir C, Bork B, Neff B, Damjanovski S Curr Res Physiol. 2022; 5:344-354.

PMID: 36035983 PMC: 9403292. DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.07.005.

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