PAL1 Gene of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway Increases Resistance to the Cassava Brown Streak Virus in Cassava

Overview

Journal Virol J

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2021 Sep 10

PMID 34503522

Citations 11

Authors

Siji Kavil

Gerald Otti

Sophie Bouvaine

Andrew Armitage

Midatharahally N Maruthi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The phenylalanine ammonia lyase genes play crucial role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we characterized the role of PAL genes in increasing resistance to the Cassava brown streak virus that causes the economically important cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) on cassava in Africa.

Methods: The whole transcriptomes of eight cassava varieties differing in resistance to CBSD were obtained at 1, 5 and 8 weeks after CBSV infection.

Results: Analysis of RNA-Seq data identified the overexpression of PAL1, PAL2, cinnamic acid and two chalcone synthase genes in CBSD-resistant cassava varieties, which was subsequently confirmed by RT-qPCR. The exogenous application of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl induced PAL1 gene expression to enhance resistance in the susceptible var. Kalawe. In contrast, the silencing of PAL1 by RNA interference led to increased susceptibility of the resistant var. Kaleso to CBSD.

Conclusions: PAL1 gene of the phenylpropanoid pathway has a major role in inducing resistance to CBSD in cassava plants and its early induction is key for CBSD resistance.

Citing Articles

Unveiling the genetic diversity of the genera Enamovirus and Polerovirus through data-driven virus discovery.

Sidharthan V, Reddy V, Krishnan N, Parameswari B Arch Virol. 2025; 170(4):76.

PMID: 40080166 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-025-06258-w.

Transcriptomic insights into the epigenetic modulation of turnip mosaic virus evolution in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Olmo-Uceda M, Ambros S, Correa R, Elena S BMC Genomics. 2024; 25(1):897.

PMID: 39350047 PMC: 11441173. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10798-x.

The gut microbiota modifies antibody durability and booster responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Seong H, Yoon J, Nham E, Choi Y, Noh J, Cheong H J Transl Med. 2024; 22(1):827.

PMID: 39242525 PMC: 11380214. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05637-2.

Comparative transcriptome revealed the molecular responses of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. to downy mildew at different stages of disease development.

Chen L, Hu Y, Huang L, Chen L, Duan X, Wang G BMC Plant Biol. 2024; 24(1):332.

PMID: 38664645 PMC: 11044490. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05048-x.

Omics-driven exploration and mining of key functional genes for the improvement of food and fiber crops.

Naqvi R, Mahmood M, Mansoor S, Amin I, Asif M Front Plant Sci. 2024; 14:1273859.

PMID: 38259913 PMC: 10800452. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273859.

References

Kaweesi T, Kawuki R, Kyaligonza V, Baguma Y, Tusiime G, Ferguson M . Field evaluation of selected cassava genotypes for cassava brown streak disease based on symptom expression and virus load. Virol J. 2014; 11:216. PMC: 4304613. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0216-x. View

Legg J, Jeremiah S, Obiero H, Maruthi M, Ndyetabula I, Okao-Okuja G . Comparing the regional epidemiology of the cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak virus pandemics in Africa. Virus Res. 2011; 159(2):161-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.04.018. View

Anjanappa R, Mehta D, Okoniewski M, Szabelska-Bersewicz A, Gruissem W, Vanderschuren H . Molecular insights into Cassava brown streak virus susceptibility and resistance by profiling of the early host response. Mol Plant Pathol. 2017; 19(2):476-489. PMC: 6638049. DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12565. View

Gomez-Vasquez R, Day R, Buschmann H, Randles S, Beeching J, Cooper R . Phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidases in elicitor-challenged cassava (Manihot esculenta) suspension cells and leaves. Ann Bot. 2004; 94(1):87-97. PMC: 4242363. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch107. View

Bektas Y, Eulgem T . Synthetic plant defense elicitors. Front Plant Sci. 2015; 5:804. PMC: 4306307. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00804. View

Walters D, Ratsep J, Havis N . Controlling crop diseases using induced resistance: challenges for the future. J Exp Bot. 2013; 64(5):1263-80. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert026. View

Amuge T, Berger D, Katari M, Myburg A, Goldman S, Ferguson M . A time series transcriptome analysis of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties challenged with Ugandan cassava brown streak virus. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):9747. PMC: 5575035. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09617-z. View

Maruthi M, Colvin J, Seal S, GIBSON G, Cooper J . Co-adaptation between cassava mosaic geminiviruses and their local vector populations. Virus Res. 2002; 86(1-2):71-85. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00051-5. View

Goyer A, Hamlin L, Crosslin J, Buchanan A, Chang J . RNA-Seq analysis of resistant and susceptible potato varieties during the early stages of potato virus Y infection. BMC Genomics. 2015; 16:472. PMC: 4475319. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1666-2. View

10.

Feng J, Meyer C, Wang Q, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang Y . GFOLD: a generalized fold change for ranking differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data. Bioinformatics. 2012; 28(21):2782-8. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts515. View

11.

Patil B, Legg J, Kanju E, Fauquet C . Cassava brown streak disease: a threat to food security in Africa. J Gen Virol. 2015; 96(Pt 5):956-68. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000014. View

12.

Livak K, Schmittgen T . Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2002; 25(4):402-8. DOI: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262. View

13.

Dixon R, Achnine L, Kota P, Liu C, Srinivasa Reddy M, Wang L . The phenylpropanoid pathway and plant defence-a genomics perspective. Mol Plant Pathol. 2010; 3(5):371-90. DOI: 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2002.00131.x. View

14.

Mohammed I, Abarshi M, Muli B, Hillocks R, Maruthi M . The symptom and genetic diversity of cassava brown streak viruses infecting cassava in East Africa. Adv Virol. 2012; 2012:795697. PMC: 3290829. DOI: 10.1155/2012/795697. View

15.

Senthil-Kumar M, Mysore K . Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. Nat Protoc. 2014; 9(7):1549-62. DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.092. View

16.

Rojas C, Senthil-Kumar M, Wang K, Ryu C, Kaundal A, Mysore K . Glycolate oxidase modulates reactive oxygen species-mediated signal transduction during nonhost resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2012; 24(1):336-52. PMC: 3289552. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.093245. View

17.

Thakur M, Sohal B . Role of Elicitors in Inducing Resistance in Plants against Pathogen Infection: A Review. ISRN Biochem. 2015; 2013:762412. PMC: 4393000. DOI: 10.1155/2013/762412. View

18.

Bhaskar P, Venkateshwaran M, Wu L, Ane J, Jiang J . Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression and silencing: a rapid tool for functional gene assay in potato. PLoS One. 2009; 4(6):e5812. PMC: 2686102. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005812. View

19.

Szklarczyk D, Gable A, Lyon D, Junge A, Wyder S, Huerta-Cepas J . STRING v11: protein-protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 47(D1):D607-D613. PMC: 6323986. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1131. View

20.

Alicai T, Omongo C, Maruthi M, Hillocks R, Baguma Y, Kawuki R . Re-emergence of Cassava Brown Streak Disease in Uganda. Plant Dis. 2019; 91(1):24-29. DOI: 10.1094/PD-91-0024. View