» Articles » PMID: 34503426

Identifying C-fos Expression As a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System

Overview
Date 2021 Sep 10
PMID 34503426
Citations 3
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein, can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on a c-fos expression.

Citing Articles

Parabrachial nucleus Vglut2 expressing neurons projection to the extended amygdala involved in the regulation of wakefulness during sevoflurane anesthesia in mice.

Yan Y, Jiao Y, Liang E, Lei X, Zhang N, Xu S CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024; 30(8):e70001.

PMID: 39154359 PMC: 11330651. DOI: 10.1111/cns.70001.


Comparative brain-wide mapping of ketamine- and isoflurane-activated nuclei and functional networks in the mouse brain.

Hu Y, Du W, Qi J, Luo H, Zhang Z, Luo M Elife. 2024; 12.

PMID: 38512722 PMC: 10957177. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.88420.


Progress in Neuropharmacology of Anesthetics and Analgesics for the Improvement of Medical Treatment.

Zhou C, Chen X, Zhang X Curr Neuropharmacol. 2022; 20(1):3.

PMID: 35060453 PMC: 9199551. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X20666220105121554.

References
1.
Kubota I, Tsuboi Y, Shoda E, Kondo M, Masuda Y, Kitagawa J . Modulation of neuronal activity in CNS pain pathways following propofol administration in rats: Fos and EEG analysis. Exp Brain Res. 2006; 179(2):181-90. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-006-0779-x. View

2.
Han B, McCarren H, ONeill D, Kelz M . Distinctive recruitment of endogenous sleep-promoting neurons by volatile anesthetics and a nonimmobilizer. Anesthesiology. 2014; 121(5):999-1009. PMC: 4206575. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000383. View

3.
Hirose Y, Kitazono T, Sezaki M, Abe M, Sakimura K, Funato H . Hypnotic effect of thalidomide is independent of teratogenic ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020; 117(37):23106-23112. PMC: 7502749. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917701117. View

4.
Carter M, Yizhar O, Chikahisa S, Nguyen H, Adamantidis A, Nishino S . Tuning arousal with optogenetic modulation of locus coeruleus neurons. Nat Neurosci. 2010; 13(12):1526-33. PMC: 3174240. DOI: 10.1038/nn.2682. View

5.
Jayakar S, Dailey W, Eckenhoff R, Cohen J . Identification of propofol binding sites in a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with a photoreactive propofol analog. J Biol Chem. 2013; 288(9):6178-89. PMC: 3585054. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M112.435909. View