Sex-Specific Impacts of Exercise on Cardiovascular Remodeling

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2021 Sep 10

PMID 34501285

Citations 11

Authors

Rifat A Islam

Siri Sham S Khalsa

Arpita K Vyas

Roshanak Rahimian

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in men and women. Biological sex plays a major role in cardiovascular physiology and pathological cardiovascular remodeling. Traditionally, pathological remodeling of cardiovascular system refers to the molecular, cellular, and morphological changes that result from insults, such as myocardial infarction or hypertension. Regular exercise training is known to induce physiological cardiovascular remodeling and beneficial functional adaptation of the cardiovascular apparatus. However, impact of exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation varies between males and females. This review aims to compare and contrast sex-specific manifestations of exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation. Specifically, we review (1) sex disparities in cardiovascular function, (2) influence of biological sex on exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation, and (3) sex-specific impacts of various types, intensities, and durations of exercise training on cardiovascular apparatus. The review highlights both animal and human studies in order to give an all-encompassing view of the exercise-induced sex differences in cardiovascular system and addresses the gaps in knowledge in the field.

Citing Articles

Sex differences in cardiac energetics in the rat ventricular muscle.

Rahmani M, Pham T, Crossman D, Tran K, Taberner A, Han J Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):31242.

PMID: 39732777 PMC: 11682250. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82604-3.

Cardiodiagnostic sex-specific differences of the female athlete in sports cardiology.

Patel V, Gradus-Pizlo I, Malik S, Barseghian El-Farra A, Dineen E Am Heart J Plus. 2024; 17:100149.

PMID: 38559879 PMC: 10978368. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100149.

Moderate-Intensity and High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training Offer Equal Cardioprotection, with Different Mechanisms, during the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats.

DHaese S, Claes L, de Laat I, Van Campenhout S, Deluyker D, Heeren E Nutrients. 2024; 16(3).

PMID: 38337716 PMC: 10856993. DOI: 10.3390/nu16030431.

Associations of Lifelong Exercise Characteristics With Valvular Function and Aortic Diameters in Patients With a Bicuspid Aortic Valve.

Schreurs B, Hopman M, Bakker C, Duijnhouwer A, van Royen N, Thompson P J Am Heart Assoc. 2024; 13(3):e031850.

PMID: 38293944 PMC: 11056144. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.031850.

Guanxin V Relieves Ventricular Remodeling by Inhibiting Inflammation: Implication from Virtual Screening, Systematic Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation.

Liang B, Zhang X, Gu N Chin J Integr Med. 2023; 29(12):1077-1086.

PMID: 37528325 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3642-z.

References

Mascia G, Della Bona R, Ameri P, Canepa M, Porto I, Parati G . Brugada syndrome and syncope: a practical approach for diagnosis and treatment. Europace. 2020; 23(7):996-1002. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa370. View

Hayashi T, Fukuto J, Ignarro L, Chaudhuri G . Basal release of nitric oxide from aortic rings is greater in female rabbits than in male rabbits: implications for atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992; 89(23):11259-63. PMC: 50529. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.23.11259. View

Boutcher Y, Boutcher S . Exercise intensity and hypertension: what's new?. J Hum Hypertens. 2016; 31(3):157-164. DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.62. View

Yoon H, Kim K, Hornsby K, Park J, Park H, Kim H . Gender Difference of Cardiac Remodeling in University Athletes: Results from 2015 Gwangju Summer Universiade. Korean Circ J. 2021; 51(5):426-438. PMC: 8112176. DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0484. View

Brown M, Neves E, Long G, Graber J, Gladish B, Wiseman A . High-intensity interval training, but not continuous training, reverses right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2016; 312(2):R197-R210. PMC: 5504398. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00358.2016. View

Braith R, Welsch M, Feigenbaum M, Kluess H, Pepine C . Neuroendocrine activation in heart failure is modified by endurance exercise training. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999; 34(4):1170-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00339-3. View

Stallone J, Crofton J, Share L . Sexual dimorphism in vasopressin-induced contraction of rat aorta. Am J Physiol. 1991; 260(2 Pt 2):H453-8. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.2.H453. View

Montero D, Vinet A, Roberts C . Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training versus aerobic training on arterial stiffness. Int J Cardiol. 2014; 178:69-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.147. View

Son W, Sung K, Cho J, Park S . Combined exercise reduces arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and blood markers for cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Menopause. 2016; 24(3):262-268. DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000765. View

10.

Pierce G, Eskurza I, Walker A, Fay T, Seals D . Sex-specific effects of habitual aerobic exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in middle-aged and older adults. Clin Sci (Lond). 2010; 120(1):13-23. PMC: 3809822. DOI: 10.1042/CS20100174. View

11.

Li Y, Hanssen H, Cordes M, Rossmeissl A, Endes S, Schmidt-Trucksass A . Aerobic, resistance and combined exercise training on arterial stiffness in normotensive and hypertensive adults: A review. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014; 15(5):443-57. DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.955129. View

12.

Vlachos K, Mascia G, Martin C, Bazoukis G, Frontera A, Cheniti G . Atrial fibrillation in Brugada syndrome: Current perspectives. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2020; 31(4):975-984. DOI: 10.1111/jce.14361. View

13.

Dawes T, Corden B, Cotter S, de Marvao A, Walsh R, Ware J . Moderate Physical Activity in Healthy Adults Is Associated With Cardiac Remodeling. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016; 9(8). PMC: 4991346. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.004712. View

14.

Hambrecht R, Gielen S, Linke A, Fiehn E, Yu J, Walther C . Effects of exercise training on left ventricular function and peripheral resistance in patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized trial. JAMA. 2000; 283(23):3095-101. DOI: 10.1001/jama.283.23.3095. View

15.

Uhlemann M, Mobius-Winkler S, Fikenzer S, Adam J, Redlich M, Mohlenkamp S . Circulating microRNA-126 increases after different forms of endurance exercise in healthy adults. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012; 21(4):484-91. DOI: 10.1177/2047487312467902. View

16.

Berry K, Cameron J, Dart A, Dewar E, Gatzka C, Jennings G . Large-artery stiffness contributes to the greater prevalence of systolic hypertension in elderly women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004; 52(3):368-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52107.x. View

17.

Gilligan D, Quyyumi A, Cannon 3rd R . Effects of physiological levels of estrogen on coronary vasomotor function in postmenopausal women. Circulation. 1994; 89(6):2545-51. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.89.6.2545. View

18.

Wisloff U, Stoylen A, Loennechen J, Bruvold M, Rognmo O, Haram P . Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation. 2007; 115(24):3086-94. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675041. View

19.

Guasch E, Benito B, Qi X, Cifelli C, Naud P, Shi Y . Atrial fibrillation promotion by endurance exercise: demonstration and mechanistic exploration in an animal model. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 62(1):68-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.01.091. View

20.

Stampfer M, Colditz G, Willett W, Manson J, Rosner B, Speizer F . Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the nurses' health study. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325(11):756-62. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199109123251102. View