Immune System Disequilibrium-Neutrophils, Their Extracellular Traps, and COVID-19-Induced Sepsis

Overview

Journal Front Med (Lausanne)

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2021 Sep 6

PMID 34485339

Citations 4

Authors

Colm Keane

Matthew Coalter

Ignacio Martin-Loeches

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Equilibrium within the immune system can often determine the fate of its host. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Immune dysregulation remains one of the main pathophysiological components of SARS-CoV-2-associated organ injury, with over-activation of the innate immune system, and induced apoptosis of adaptive immune cells. Here, we provide an overview of the innate immune system, both in general and relating to COVID-19. We specifically discuss "NETosis," the process of neutrophil release of their extracellular traps, which may be a more recently described form of cell death that is different from apoptosis, and how this may propagate organ dysfunction in COVID-19. We complete this review by discussing Stem Cell Therapies in COVID-19 and emerging COVID-19 phenotypes, which may allow for more targeted therapy in the future. Finally, we consider the array of potential therapeutic targets in COVID-19, and associated therapeutics.

Citing Articles

The role of extracellular histones in COVID-19.

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Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury-Lessons Taken from COVID-19.

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The Potential of Purinergic Signaling to Thwart Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2.

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PMID: 35784277 PMC: 9248768. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904419.

Cell-Free DNA, Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and Endothelial Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019- (COVID-19-) Associated Acute Kidney Injury.

Henry B, de Oliveira M, Cheruiyot I, Benoit J, Rose J, Favaloro E Mediators Inflamm. 2022; 2022:9339411.

PMID: 35497096 PMC: 9054425. DOI: 10.1155/2022/9339411.

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