Fibrin Assembly After Fibrinopeptide A Release in Model Systems and Human Plasma Studied with Magnetic Birefringence

Magnetically induced birefringence was used to monitor fibrin polymerization after the release of the small negatively charged A fibrinopeptides from human fibrinogen by the action of the snake-venom-derived enzymes reptilase and ancrod. A range of conditions was investigated. Fibrin polymerization in solutions of purified fibrinogen shows a distinct break near the gelation point. On addition of Ca2+ or albumin the lag period is shortened, fibre thickness is increased and the break in assembly almost vanishes, probably because both of these additives promote lateral aggregation. There are minor differences in the kinetics, depending on the venom enzyme used. The kinetics of fibrin assembly in model systems containing either Ca2+ or albumin and in human plasma with a largely dormant coagulation cascade are very similar. Therefore in the latter condition there is no significant alteration in the assembly process due to interaction between fibrin or the venom enzymes and any of the plasma proteins. When the cascade is activated, the polymerization progress curves have a character that resembles a combination of the reactions observed when the venom enzymes and endogenously generated thrombin separately induce coagulation, except for a region near gelation where, paradoxically, polymerization appears to be slower on activation. The low-angle neutron-diffraction patterns from oriented gels made with thrombin or reptilase are identical. Therefore at low resolution the packing of the monomers within fibres is the same when fibrinopeptide A only or both fibrinopeptides A and B are removed.