At the Crossroads: Mechanisms of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cell Life and Death

Overview

Journal Acta Naturae

Specialty Biology

Date 2021 Aug 11

PMID 34377561

Citations 8

Authors

V L Shliapina

S V Yurtaeva

M P Rubtsova

O A Dontsova

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Apoptosis and autophagy are conserved processes that regulate cell survival and death under stress conditions. Apoptosis aims to remove cells from the body with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Autophagy promotes removal of damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and cellular pathogens, stimulating cell survival. The signaling pathways involved in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy largely overlap, leading to both competition and unidirectional interaction, which is of particular interest in investigating them as potential targets for cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease therapies. This review analyzes the main pathways of molecular interactions between autophagy and apoptosis, which is necessary for understanding the mechanism maintaining the balance between cell death and survival under unfavorable conditions.

Citing Articles

Telomere Reprogramming and Cellular Metabolism: Is There a Link?.

Rubtsova M, Nikishin D, Vyssokikh M, Koriagina M, Vasiliev A, Dontsova O Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(19).

PMID: 39408829 PMC: 11476947. DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910500.

Effect of Inducers and Inhibitors of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE System on the Viability and Functional Activity of Model Neuronal-Like and Glial Cells.

Menshchikova E, Chechushkov A, Kozhin P, Romakh L, Serykh A, Khrapova M Bull Exp Biol Med. 2024; 176(3):332-337.

PMID: 38340195 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06019-w.

Melatonin regulates autophagy in granulosa cells from patients with premature ovarian insufficiency via activating Foxo3a.

Li P, Dou Q, Zhang D, Xiang Y, Tan L Aging (Albany NY). 2024; 16(1):844-856.

PMID: 38206302 PMC: 10817365. DOI: 10.18632/aging.205424.

Types of Cell Death from a Molecular Perspective.

Hajibabaie F, Abedpoor N, Mohamadynejad P Biology (Basel). 2023; 12(11).

PMID: 37998025 PMC: 10669395. DOI: 10.3390/biology12111426.

Proteomic Markers in the Muscles and Brain of Pigs Recovered from Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Fedulova L, Vasilevskaya E, Tikhonova O, Kazieva L, Tolmacheva G, Makarenko A Genes (Basel). 2022; 13(12).

PMID: 36553471 PMC: 9777686. DOI: 10.3390/genes13122204.

References

Ding W, Ni H, Gao W, Hou Y, Melan M, Chen X . Differential effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy on cell survival. J Biol Chem. 2006; 282(7):4702-4710. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M609267200. View

Nakamura S, Yoshimori T . Autophagy and Longevity. Mol Cells. 2018; 41(1):65-72. PMC: 5792715. DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2333. View

Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo A, Klionsky D . Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion. Nature. 2008; 451(7182):1069-75. PMC: 2670399. DOI: 10.1038/nature06639. View

Sharp A, Heazell A, Crocker I, Mor G . Placental apoptosis in health and disease. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2010; 64(3):159-69. PMC: 3025811. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00837.x. View

Marquez R, Xu L . Bcl-2:Beclin 1 complex: multiple, mechanisms regulating autophagy/apoptosis toggle switch. Am J Cancer Res. 2012; 2(2):214-21. PMC: 3304572. View

Tsoukalas D, Fragkiadaki P, Docea A, Alegakis A, Sarandi E, Thanasoula M . Discovery of potent telomerase activators: Unfolding new therapeutic and anti-aging perspectives. Mol Med Rep. 2019; 20(4):3701-3708. PMC: 6755196. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10614. View

Musiwaro P, Smith M, Manifava M, Walker S, Ktistakis N . Characteristics and requirements of basal autophagy in HEK 293 cells. Autophagy. 2013; 9(9):1407-17. DOI: 10.4161/auto.25455. View

Zhang X, Liu F, Wang W . Coordination between cell cycle progression and cell fate decision by the p53 and E2F1 pathways in response to DNA damage. J Biol Chem. 2010; 285(41):31571-80. PMC: 2951231. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M110.134650. View

Sui X, Kong N, Ye L, Han W, Zhou J, Zhang Q . p38 and JNK MAPK pathways control the balance of apoptosis and autophagy in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Lett. 2013; 344(2):174-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.019. View

10.

Lv X, Tan J, Liu D, Wu P, Cui X . Intratracheal administration of p38α short-hairpin RNA plasmid ameliorates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2012; 31(6):655-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.03.001. View

11.

Hansen M, Rubinsztein D, Walker D . Autophagy as a promoter of longevity: insights from model organisms. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018; 19(9):579-593. PMC: 6424591. DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0033-y. View

12.

Song X, Lee D, Dilly A, Lee Y, Choudry H, Kwon Y . Crosstalk Between Apoptosis and Autophagy Is Regulated by the Arginylated BiP/Beclin-1/p62 Complex. Mol Cancer Res. 2018; 16(7):1077-1091. PMC: 6030503. DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0685. View

13.

Lee E, Smith N, Soares da Costa T, Meftahi N, Yao S, Harris T . Structural insights into BCL2 pro-survival protein interactions with the key autophagy regulator BECN1 following phosphorylation by STK4/MST1. Autophagy. 2019; 15(5):785-795. PMC: 6526822. DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1564557. View

14.

Zhou F, Yang Y, Xing D . Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL play important roles in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. FEBS J. 2010; 278(3):403-13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07965.x. View

15.

Webber J, Tooze S . Coordinated regulation of autophagy by p38alpha MAPK through mAtg9 and p38IP. EMBO J. 2009; 29(1):27-40. PMC: 2808369. DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.321. View

16.

Samatar A, Poulikakos P . Targeting RAS-ERK signalling in cancer: promises and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014; 13(12):928-42. DOI: 10.1038/nrd4281. View

17.

Saha S, Panigrahi D, Patil S, Bhutia S . Autophagy in health and disease: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 104:485-495. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.007. View

18.

Meley D, Spiller D, White M, McDowell H, Pizer B, See V . p53-mediated delayed NF-κB activity enhances etoposide-induced cell death in medulloblastoma. Cell Death Dis. 2011; 1:e41. PMC: 3032310. DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.16. View

19.

Igney F, Krammer P . Death and anti-death: tumour resistance to apoptosis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002; 2(4):277-88. DOI: 10.1038/nrc776. View

20.

Hung C, Garcia-Haro L, Sparks C, Guertin D . mTOR-dependent cell survival mechanisms. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012; 4(12). PMC: 3504431. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008771. View