Exosomal MicroRNAs from Mesenchymal Stem/stromal Cells: Biology and Applications in Neuroprotection

Overview

Journal World J Stem Cells

Publisher Baishideng Publishing Group

Date 2021 Aug 9

PMID 34367477

Citations 23

Authors

Aida Nasirishargh

Priyadarsini Kumar

Lalithasri Ramasubramanian

Kaitlin Clark

Dake Hao

Sabrina V Lazar

Aijun Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are extensively studied as cell-therapy agents for neurological diseases. Recent studies consider exosomes secreted by MSCs as important mediators for MSCs' neuroprotective functions. Exosomes transfer functional molecules including proteins, lipids, metabolites, DNAs, and coding and non-coding RNAs from MSCs to their target cells. Emerging evidence shows that exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the neuroprotective properties of these exosomes by targeting several genes and regulating various biological processes. Multiple exosomal miRNAs have been identified to have neuroprotective effects by promoting neurogenesis, neurite remodeling and survival, and neuroplasticity. Thus, exosomal miRNAs have significant therapeutic potential for neurological disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. This review discusses the neuroprotective effects of selected miRNAs (miR-21, miR-17-92, miR-133, miR-138, miR-124, miR-30, miR146a, and miR-29b) and explores their mechanisms of action and applications for the treatment of various neurological disease and disorders. It also provides an overview of state-of-the-art bioengineering approaches for isolating exosomes, optimizing their yield and manipulating the miRNA content of their cargo to improve their therapeutic potential.

Citing Articles

Retinal ganglion cells induce stem cell-derived neuroprotection via IL-12 to SCGF-β crosstalk.

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Meta-Analysis of the Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Rodent Models of Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Wang C, Yan B, Liao P, Chen F, Lei P Stem Cells Int. 2024; 2024:3390446.

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Exosomal miRNA-21 derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibits microglial overactivation to counteract nerve damage.

Cui L, Li D, Xu J, Li H, Pan Y, Qiu J Mol Biol Rep. 2024; 51(1):941.

PMID: 39196412 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09878-8.

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Mushtaq M, Zineldeen D, Mateen M, Haider K World J Stem Cells. 2024; 16(5):467-478.

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