Early Approval of COVID-19 Vaccines: Pros and Cons

Overview

Journal Hum Vaccin Immunother

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2021 Jul 20

PMID 34283001

Citations 13

Authors

Md Arifur Rahman

Md Sayeedul Islam

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The development of safe and effective vaccines has been an overriding priority for controlling the 2019-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. From the onset, COVID-19 has caused high mortality and economic losses and yet has also offered an opportunity to advance novel therapeutics such as DNA and mRNA vaccines. Although it is hoped that the swift acceptance of such vaccines will prevent loss of life, rejuvenate economies and restore normal life, there could also be significant pitfalls. This perspective provides an overview of future directions and challenges in advancing promising vaccine platforms to widespread therapeutic use.

Citing Articles

Evolution of COVID-19 in the State of São Paulo: Analysis of Incidence, Mortality and Lethality from 2020 to 2023.

Martire Junior L, Pereira G, Cavalcante M, Barreto Y, Macedo Jr H, Figueira F Epidemiologia (Basel). 2025; 6(1).

PMID: 39982258 PMC: 11843986. DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia6010006.

Prevalence of menstrual alterations following COVID-19 vaccination: systematic review & meta-analysis.

Al Shahrani A, Alhumaidan N, Alzelfawi L, AlDosari L, AlHindawi Z, Alotaibi N BMC Womens Health. 2024; 24(1):523.

PMID: 39300461 PMC: 11412023. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03349-9.

The End or a New Era of Development of SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Genetic Variants Responsible for Severe COVID-19 and Clinical Efficacy of the Most Commonly Used Vaccines in Clinical Practice.

Miteva D, Kitanova M, Batselova H, Lazova S, Chervenkov L, Peshevska-Sekulovska M Vaccines (Basel). 2023; 11(7).

PMID: 37514997 PMC: 10385722. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071181.

Tracking the COVID-19 vaccines: The global landscape.

Yadav T, Kumar S, Mishra G, Saxena S Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023; 19(1):2191577.

PMID: 36995773 PMC: 10101659. DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2191577.

New insights from nanotechnology in SARS-CoV-2 detection, treatment strategy, and prevention.

Solanki R, Shankar A, Modi U, Patel S Mater Today Chem. 2023; 29:101478.

PMID: 36950312 PMC: 9981536. DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101478.

References

Davis W, Bowzard J, Sharma S, Wiens M, Ranjan P, Gangappa S . The 3' untranslated regions of influenza genomic sequences are 5'PPP-independent ligands for RIG-I. PLoS One. 2012; 7(3):e32661. PMC: 3305289. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032661. View

Schmidt O, Allan I, COONEY M, Foy H, Fox J . Rises in titers of antibody to human coronaviruses OC43 and 229E in Seattle families during 1975-1979. Am J Epidemiol. 1986; 123(5):862-8. PMC: 7110132. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114315. View

Kauffman K, Webber M, Anderson D . Materials for non-viral intracellular delivery of messenger RNA therapeutics. J Control Release. 2016; 240:227-234. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.032. View

Liu M . A Comparison of Plasmid DNA and mRNA as Vaccine Technologies. Vaccines (Basel). 2019; 7(2). PMC: 6631684. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020037. View

Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett K, Goldsmith J, Hsieh C, Abiona O . Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367(6483):1260-1263. PMC: 7164637. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2507. View

Martin D, Weiner L, Nieburg P, Blair D . Atypical measles in adolescents and young adults. Ann Intern Med. 1979; 90(6):877-81. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-90-6-877. View

Kariko K, Muramatsu H, Welsh F, Ludwig J, Kato H, Akira S . Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA yields superior nonimmunogenic vector with increased translational capacity and biological stability. Mol Ther. 2008; 16(11):1833-40. PMC: 2775451. DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.200. View

Nichols W, Ledwith B, Manam S, Troilo P . Potential DNA vaccine integration into host cell genome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995; 772:30-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44729.x. View

Fleeton M, Chen M, Berglund P, Rhodes G, Parker S, Murphy M . Self-replicative RNA vaccines elicit protection against influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and a tickborne encephalitis virus. J Infect Dis. 2001; 183(9):1395-8. DOI: 10.1086/319857. View

10.

Garcia-Beltran W, Lam E, St Denis K, Nitido A, Garcia Z, Hauser B . Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity. Cell. 2021; 184(9):2372-2383.e9. PMC: 7953441. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013. View

11.

Schlee M . Master sensors of pathogenic RNA - RIG-I like receptors. Immunobiology. 2013; 218(11):1322-35. PMC: 7114584. DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.06.007. View

12.

Hendley J, Fishburne H, Gwaltney Jr J . Coronavirus infections in working adults. Eight-year study with 229 E and OC 43. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1972; 105(5):805-11. DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1972.105.5.805. View

13.

Geall A, Verma A, Otten G, Shaw C, Hekele A, Banerjee K . Nonviral delivery of self-amplifying RNA vaccines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109(36):14604-9. PMC: 3437863. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209367109. View

14.

Shoenfeld Y, Sherer Y . Vaccination as an additional player in the mosaic of autoimmunity. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000; 18(2):181-4. View

15.

Effros R, Boucher N, Porter V, Zhu X, Spaulding C, WALFORD R . Decline in CD28+ T cells in centenarians and in long-term T cell cultures: a possible cause for both in vivo and in vitro immunosenescence. Exp Gerontol. 1994; 29(6):601-9. DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(94)90073-6. View

16.

Folegatti P, Ewer K, Aley P, Angus B, Becker S, Belij-Rammerstorfer S . Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020; 396(10249):467-478. PMC: 7445431. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31604-4. View

17.

Kannemeier C, Shibamiya A, Nakazawa F, Trusheim H, Ruppert C, Markart P . Extracellular RNA constitutes a natural procoagulant cofactor in blood coagulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104(15):6388-93. PMC: 1851071. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608647104. View

18.

Corbett K, Edwards D, Leist S, Abiona O, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Gillespie R . SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness. Nature. 2020; 586(7830):567-571. PMC: 7581537. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0. View

19.

Nestle F, Conrad C, Tun-Kyi A, Homey B, Gombert M, Boyman O . Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-alpha production. J Exp Med. 2005; 202(1):135-43. PMC: 2212894. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20050500. View

20.

Guan S, Rosenecker J . Nanotechnologies in delivery of mRNA therapeutics using nonviral vector-based delivery systems. Gene Ther. 2017; 24(3):133-143. DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.5. View