Leukocytospermia Induces Intraepithelial Recruitment of Dendritic Cells and Increases SIV Replication in Colorectal Tissue Explants

Overview

Journal Commun Biol

Specialty Biology

Date 2021 Jul 13

PMID 34253821

Citations 5

Authors

Mariangela Cavarelli

Stephane Hua

Naima Hantour

Sabine Tricot

Nicolas Tchitchek

Celine Gommet

Hakim Hocini

Catherine Chapon

Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet

Roger Le Grand

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Mucosal exposure to infected semen accounts for the majority of HIV-1 transmission events, with rectal intercourse being the route with the highest estimated risk of transmission. Yet, the impact of semen inflammation on colorectal HIV-1 transmission has never been addressed. Here we use cynomolgus macaques colorectal tissue explants to explore the effect of leukocytospermia, indicative of male genital tract inflammation, on SIVmac251 infection. We show that leukocytospermic seminal plasma (LSP) has significantly higher concentration of a number of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to normal seminal plasma (NSP). In virus-exposed explants, LSP enhance SIV infection more efficiently than NSP, being the increased viral replication linked to the level of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. Moreover, LSP induce leukocyte accumulation on the apical side of the colorectal lamina propria and the recruitment of a higher number of intraepithelial dendritic cells than with NSP. These results suggest that the outcome of mucosal HIV-1 infection is influenced by the inflammatory state of the semen donor, and provide further insights into mucosal SIV/HIV-1 pathogenesis.

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