Sex and Age-Related Differences in Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Mice Retina Involve Resolvin D1

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2021 Jul 2

PMID 34208040

Citations 13

Authors

Maria Consiglia Trotta

Sami Gharbia

Hildegard Herman

Bianca Mladin

Andrei Hermenean

Cornel Balta

Coralia Cotoraci

Victor Eduard Peteu

Carlo Gesualdo

Francesco Petrillo

Marilena Galdiero

Roberto Alfano

Mihaela Gherghiceanu

Michele DAmico

Settimio Rossi

Anca Hermenean

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

(1) Background: The pro-resolving lipid mediator Resolvin D1 (RvD1) has already shown protective effects in animal models of diabetic retinopathy. This study aimed to investigate the retinal levels of RvD1 in aged (24 months) and younger (3 months) mice, along with the activation of macro- and microglia, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. (2) Methods: Retinas from male and female mice were used for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (3) Results: Endogenous retinal levels of RvD1 were reduced in aged mice. While RvD1 levels were similar in younger males and females, they were markedly decreased in aged males but less reduced in aged females. Both aged males and females showed a significant increase in retinal microglia activation compared to younger mice, with a more marked reactivity in aged males than in aged females. The same trend was shown by astrocyte activation, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and nitrosative stress, in line with the microglia and Müller cell hypertrophy evidenced in aged retinas by electron microscopy. (4) Conclusions: Aged mice had sex-related differences in neuroinflammation and apoptosis and low retinal levels of endogenous RvD1.

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